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irrational beliefs

Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS) Test

Take the online Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS) Test - AI psychologist FreudlyYou can take Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS) Test here. Online version of a simple and accurate psychological test with interpretation.en
In about 8 minutes, the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS) Test guides you through 42 questions about patterns such as threat attention, attribution, interpreting others, and flexible thinking. Your profile highlights tendencies in cognitive processing and decision-making, offering a structured starting point for personal reflection.
Questions: 428 minutes
Davos Assessment of Cognitive: situation and reply bubbles
September 1, 2026September 1, 2026Material has been updatedOctober 2, 2025Material has been published
32,341 view
3,634 completions
2,519 likes
Daniel HallPsychologist · Test reviewer
2,519 likes
Scale Explorer

How the Scales are Structured

Avoidance BehaviorAB
Measures the tendency to avoid situations or stimuli, which can limit engagement and adaptation.
example score4/7
4/7Moderateexample score
0 – 2Low
3 – 5Moderate
6 – 7High
A score of 4 falls in the Moderate range, suggesting a noticeable tendency to avoid certain situations or stimuli that may interfere with everyday functioning.
Thought ProblemsTP
Measures self-reported difficulties in attention, memory, and reasoning that can interfere with processing information and making decisions.
example score1/7
1/7Lowexample score
0 – 2Low
3 – 5Moderate
6 – 7High
A score of 1 falls in the Low range, suggesting minimal reported thinking-related difficulties on this scale.
Difficulties Understanding OthersDUO
This scale measures difficulty interpreting other people’s motives, emotions, and intentions in social situations.
example score3/7
3/7Moderate difficultyexample score
0 – 2Low difficulty
3 – 5Moderate difficulty
6 – 7High difficulty
A score of 3 indicates a moderate level of difficulty understanding others, which may sometimes contribute to misunderstandings in interactions.
External AttributionEA
Measures the tendency to explain events by attributing their causes to external factors or other people rather than to oneself or situational complexity.
example score3/7
3/7Moderateexample score
0 – 2Low
3 – 5Moderate
6 – 7High
A score of 3 indicates a moderate tendency to attribute events to external causes, suggesting this bias is present but not pronounced on this scale.
Attention to ThreatAtT
Measures the tendency to selectively focus on potentially dangerous or negative cues in the environment.
example score4/7
4/7Moderateexample score
0 – 2Low
3 – 5Moderate
6 – 7High
A score of 4 indicates a moderate tendency to notice potential threats more readily, which may be associated with increased vigilance to negative or suspicious cues.
Belief InflexibilityBI
Assesses how inflexible a person is in revising beliefs when faced with new or contradictory information.
example score3/7
3/7Moderate rigidityexample score
0 – 2Low rigidity
3 – 5Moderate rigidity
6 – 7High rigidity
A score of 3 indicates a moderate level of belief rigidity, suggesting some difficulty updating views in response to new evidence in certain situations.
Jumping to ConclusionsJtC
Measures the tendency to form judgments quickly based on limited information rather than weighing sufficient evidence.
example score5/7
5/7Highexample score
0 – 2Low
3 – 4Moderate
5 – 7High
A score of 5 falls in the High range, suggesting a stronger tendency to reach conclusions quickly with less evidence than is typically needed.
Total ScoreTS
Reflects the overall severity of cognitive biases and thinking/perception limitations associated with psychotic-like distortions.
example score5/7
5/7Highexample score
0 – 2Low
3 – 4Moderate
5 – 7High
A score of 5 falls in the High range, indicating a substantial overall level of cognitive distortions and related limitations.
just completed the test
DATA-BASED USER COHORTS

Who Usually Takes This Test?

Clinicians in psychosis care
46%OF USERS
Psychiatrists and clinical psychologists use it to identify which thinking biases are driving psychotic symptoms and to guide treatment planning.
Schizophrenia-spectrum patients
34%OF USERS
People with schizophrenia or related conditions take it during assessment to map cognitive distortions that may affect perceptions and decisions.
Researchers and trainees
20%OF USERS
Students and researchers in clinical psychology or psychiatry use it for training, case formulation practice, or studies tracking cognitive biases over time.
BASED ON AGGREGATED, ANONYMIZED DATA FROM TENS OF THOUSANDS OF FREUDLY USERS.
Benchmarking

See How You Compare

Once you complete the test, your results are compared with real-world data from people in your country.
Below is a preview of how scores are typically distributed across each scale.
Shaded area — where most people score
Dot — the average
You — your score lands on each curve after the test— your score, after the test
Avoidant BehaviorAB
You?
Average2.4
Typical rangeTypical1.3 – 3.5
Possible0 – 7
Thinking ProblemsTP
You?
Average2.7
Typical rangeTypical1.6 – 3.8
Possible0 – 7
Problems Understanding OthersPUO
You?
Average3
Typical rangeTypical1.9 – 4.2
Possible0 – 7
External attributionEa
You?
Average5
Typical rangeTypical3.7 – 6.2
Possible0 – 7
Attention to ThreatsAtT
You?
Average5
Typical rangeTypical3.8 – 6.2
Possible0 – 7
Rigidity of BeliefsRoB
You?
Average4.8
Typical rangeTypical3.7 – 5.8
Possible0 – 7
Hasty ConclusionsHC
You?
Average2.6
Typical rangeTypical1.8 – 3.5
Possible0 – 7
Overall ScoreOS
You?
Average4.2
Typical rangeTypical3 – 5.4
Possible0 – 7
Featured On
SAMPLE QUESTIONS

Example Questions From the Test

This questionnaire includes a range of attitudes and beliefs that people sometimes hold. Please read each statement carefully and indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with it. For each statement, select the response option that best reflects your view. Because people differ, there are no right or wrong answers. When selecting your response, consider how you have behaved or what you have thought over the past two weeks.
    • Completely agree
    • Agree
    • Somewhat agree
    • Not sure
    • Somewhat disagree
    • Disagree
    • Completely disagree
    • Completely agree
    • Agree
    • Rather agree
    • Don't know
    • Rather disagree
    • Disagree
    • Completely disagree
    • Strongly agree
    • Agree
    • Somewhat agree
    • Don't know
    • Somewhat disagree
    • Disagree
    • Strongly disagree
These are 3 of the 42 real questions — the rest appear in the test. No sign-up needed to start.
WHAT THE TEST MEASURES

Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS) Test - Description and methodology of the test

irrational beliefs
cognitive distortions
psychopathology
schizophrenia

People who want to examine how they notice danger, interpret other people, explain events, or revise beliefs can use this profile to organize self-reflection. The Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS) Test is intended for readers interested in recurring cognitive patterns rather than a broad personality description. A cognitive biases test can show which tendencies deserve closer attention in everyday judgments and decisions.

What This Assessment Explores

Across the items, the DACOBS questionnaire examines attention to threat, avoidance, social interpretation, explanations for events, belief revision, and rapid conclusions. Results describe the strength of these tendencies, not a single cause. The dimensions are:

  • Avoidance Behavior (0–7) measures situational avoidance; Thought Problems (0–7) measures attention, memory, and reasoning difficulty. Both: Low 0–2, Moderate 3–5, High 6–7.
  • Difficulties Understanding Others (0–7) measures social-meaning difficulty; External Attribution (0–7) measures outward explanations. Both: Low 0–2, Moderate 3–5, High 6–7.
  • Attention to Threat (0–7) measures danger focus; Belief Inflexibility (0–7) measures resistance to evidence. Attention: Low 0–2, Moderate 3–5, High 6–7; Belief: Low rigidity 0–2, Moderate rigidity 3–5, High rigidity 6–7.
  • Jumping to Conclusions (0–7) measures limited-evidence inference; Total Score (0–7) summarizes overall cognitive-bias level. Both: Low 0–2, Moderate 3–4, High 5–7.

Methodology and Scientific Basis

First-person statements ask respondents to rate agreement on seven ordered options, from complete agreement to complete disagreement, with an uncertainty choice in the middle. This format captures perceived experiences and habits rather than performance on an objective task.

As an online cognitive bias questionnaire, it reports dimension scores and a total profile. Its scoring display gives ranges and result bands, but it does not state how each response is converted into points; the bands therefore should not be used to reverse-engineer a formula.

The research anchor is DACOBS (van der Gaag et al., 2013), a published factor-based instrument organized around seven cognitive-bias factors. Bastiaens et al. (2013) examined its structure, internal consistency, discriminative power, and convergent validity in psychotic patients and healthy controls. This questionnaire is conceptually consistent with that work, not a separately documented adaptation, so those findings do not establish identical norms for this online version.

Because answers are self-reported, current stress, self-awareness, and response style can influence results. Read the profile as a descriptive aid for reflection, not as a diagnosis.

Literature:
  • van der Gaag, M., Schutz, C., Ten Napel, A., Landa, Y., Delespaul, P., Bak, M., Tschacher, W., & de Hert, M. (2013). Development of the Davos assessment of cognitive biases scale (DACOBS). Schizophrenia Research, 144(1-3), 63-71. 10.1016/j.schres.2012.12.010
  • Bastiaens, T., Claes, L., Smits, D., De Wachter, D., van der Gaag, M., & De Hert, M. (2013). The Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for Psychosis (CBQ-P) and the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases (DACOBS): validation in a Flemish sample of psychotic patients and healthy controls. Schizophrenia Research, 147(2-3), 310-314. 10.1016/j.schres.2013.04.037

Updated:

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