Success and Failure Explanatory Style Questionnaire Test
Learn how you explain wins and setbacks in work and relationships, and how optimistic and in control you feel in about 9 minutes. Get focused, actionable results to strengthen motivation, confidence, and coping.
08:30
Scale Explorer
How the Scales are Structured
DATA-BASED USER COHORTS
Who Usually Takes This Test?
BASED ON AGGREGATED, ANONYMIZED DATA FROM TENS OF THOUSANDS OF FREUDLY USERS.
Benchmarking
See How You Compare
Once you complete the test, your results are compared with real-world data from people in your country.
Below is a preview of how scores are typically distributed across each scale.
Below is a preview of how scores are typically distributed across each scale.
Optimism in Interpersonal Situations (OiIS)
Optimism in Interpersonal Situations (OiIS)
Average
79.4
Normal range
64.9 — 93.9
min.
20
max.
120
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Optimism in achievement situations (Oias)
Optimism in achievement situations (Oias)
Average
102
Normal range
77.4 — 126.7
min.
28
max.
168
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Optimism in situations of failure (Oisof)
Optimism in situations of failure (Oisof)
Average
120.3
Normal range
102.4 — 138.2
min.
28
max.
168
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Optimism in Situations of Success (OiSoS)
Optimism in Situations of Success (OiSoS)
Average
62.2
Normal range
48.7 — 75.6
min.
20
max.
120
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Control Parameter (CP)
Control Parameter (CP)
Average
56
Normal range
40.5 — 71.6
min.
18
max.
108
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Globality parameter (Gp)
Globality parameter (Gp)
Average
55
Normal range
43.3 — 66.6
min.
16
max.
96
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Stability parameter (Sp)
Stability parameter (Sp)
Average
37
Normal range
23.8 — 50.2
min.
14
max.
84
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Overall Optimism Score (OOS)
Overall Optimism Score (OOS)
Average
112.1
Normal range
77.6 — 146.7
min.
48
max.
288
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
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SAMPLE QUESTIONS
Example Questions From the Test
This is not a test. This questionnaire is intended to examine unique aspects of thinking across different situations. The first response that comes to mind is the best response.
The questionnaire includes 24 events/situations. For each event, respond as follows:
1. Vividly imagine each event as if it were happening right now, even if it seems unlike situations in your own life.
2. Consider what the primary cause of the situation would be if something similar happened to you, and indicate one main cause.
3. For the two questions that follow your stated cause, select a number from 1 to 6 that best reflects your response. Try to avoid choosing middle responses.
On the paper form, the cause of the situation should be written on the line provided. In the online version, a text field is also provided for entering the cause. This text is not processed and is not saved anywhere. You may enter a response or leave it blank.
- Will never happen again
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- Will always be true
- Outside my control
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- Completely under my control
- Only this particular situation
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- All situations in my life
WHAT THE TEST MEASURES
About This Assessment
/https://cdn.freudly.ai/media/tests/1378/image/1764720303_day_image_20251203_000502.png "The style of explaining successes and failures, STONE Test")
Success and Failure Explanatory Style Questionnaire Test - Symptoms and Signs
This self-report measure assesses how individuals explain the causes of positive and negative outcomes, including perceived optimism and perceived control over events. The Success and Failure Explanatory Style Questionnaire is intended to characterize explanatory style patterns that may inform case formulation and treatment planning. It is commonly used in clinical and research contexts to examine attributional tendencies related to achievement and interpersonal situations.
The instrument consists of 48 items and typically takes about 9 minutes to complete. Item content samples explanations for success and failure across contexts, supporting interpretation of how respondents attribute outcomes and how controllable they perceive contributing factors to be. The Success and Failure Explanatory Style Questionnaire is attributed to C. S. Dweck, B. Weiner, and M. E. P. Seligman.
Author: B. Weiner, C. S. Dweck, M. E. P. Seligman
Literature: Peterson, C., Semmel, A., von Baeyer, C., Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Seligman, M. E. P. The attributional style questionnaire. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1982.; Reivich, K., & Shatté, A. The resilience factor. Broadway Books. 2002.
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