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attributional style

Attributional Style for Successes and Failures Questionnaire (STONE-10) Test

Take the online Attributional Style for Successes and Failures Questionnaire (STONE-10) Test - AI psychologist FreudlyYou can take Attributional Style for Successes and Failures Questionnaire (STONE-10) Testhere. Online version of a simple and accurate psychological test with interpretation.en
In 4 minutes, see how you explain wins and setbacks and how controllable the causes feel. Get clear, practical insight for coaching, motivation, and stress resilience in just 20 items.
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Questions: 204 minutes
08:30
October 2, 2025
October 2, 2025
Material has been updated
October 2, 2025
Material has been published
22,286 views
2,070 completions
1,688 likes
Verified by Daniel Hall
Psychologist with 25 years of experience
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Scale Explorer

How the Scales are Structured

example score
20/30
Globality of Failures (GoF)
Measures how strongly a person tends to view failures as global and spilling over into many areas of life.
Specific
Somewhat global
Highly global
5 – 15: Specific | 16 – 27: Somewhat global | 28 – 30: Highly global
A score of 20 falls in the “Somewhat global” range, suggesting a tendency to generalize setbacks beyond the immediate situation at times.
example score
13/30
Stability of Failures (SoF)
Measures the tendency to explain failures as caused by stable, enduring factors rather than temporary, changeable ones.
Low stability attribution
Moderate stability attribution
High stability attribution
5 – 14: Low stability attribution | 15 – 24: Moderate stability attribution | 25 – 30: High stability attribution
A score of 13 falls in the Low stability attribution range, suggesting failures are more often viewed as temporary and potentially manageable rather than permanent.
example score
19/30
Globality of Successes (GoS)
Measures how strongly a person tends to view their successes as global and influencing many areas of life.
Situational view of success
Moderately global success
Highly global success
5 – 15: Situational view of success | 16 – 26: Moderately global success | 27 – 30: Highly global success
A score of 19 suggests a moderate tendency to generalize positive outcomes across different life domains, reflecting a balanced optimistic interpretation of achievements.
example score
21/30
Stability of Successes (SoS)
Measures how strongly a person tends to explain successes as driven by stable, consistent causes over time.
Less stable success attribution
Moderately stable success attribution
Highly stable success attribution
5 – 18: Less stable success attribution | 19 – 24: Moderately stable success attribution | 25 – 30: Highly stable success attribution
A score of 21 falls in the moderately stable range, suggesting you often view successes as linked to fairly consistent factors, supporting an optimistic explanatory style.
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DATA-BASED USER COHORTS

Who Usually Takes This Test?

Self-improvement seekers
41%OF USERS
People who want to understand whether they credit successes to stable, controllable factors and see failures as temporary and manageable.
Clients in counseling
34%OF USERS
People working through stress, low mood, or motivation issues who want a clearer picture of how they explain setbacks and achievements.
Coaches and HR trainees
25%OF USERS
Participants in coaching, training, or workplace development who need quick feedback on their explanatory style to set more effective goals.
BASED ON AGGREGATED, ANONYMIZED DATA FROM TENS OF THOUSANDS OF FREUDLY USERS.
Benchmarking

See How You Compare

Once you complete the test, your results are compared with real-world data from people in your country.
Below is a preview of how scores are typically distributed across each scale.
The Vastness of Failures (TVoF)
The Vastness of Failures (TVoF)
Average
16.7
Normal range
13.3 — 20.1
min.
5
max.
30
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
The Stability of Failures (TSoF)
The Stability of Failures (TSoF)
Average
20.4
Normal range
17.1 — 23.8
min.
5
max.
30
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
The Scale of Achievements (TSoA)
The Scale of Achievements (TSoA)
Average
22
Normal range
18.4 — 25.7
min.
5
max.
30
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Stability of Success (SoS)
Stability of Success (SoS)
Average
11.6
Normal range
7.5 — 15.7
min.
5
max.
30
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Start Online Test
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SAMPLE QUESTIONS

Example Questions From the Test

This questionnaire is designed to assess distinctive aspects of thinking across different life situations. The first response that comes to mind is the best response. The questionnaire includes 10 situational events. For each event, respond as follows: 1. Vividly imagine each event as if it were happening right now, even if it seems unrelated to your own life. 2. Consider what the primary cause of the situation would be if something similar happened to you, and provide a detailed response. 3. Rate this cause on the two dimensions that follow your response. Try to avoid choosing middle responses (3 and 4).
    • Will never occur again
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • Will always exist
    • Only this particular situation
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • All situations in my life
    • Will never happen again
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • Will always be the case
These are 3 of the 20 real questions — the rest appear in the test. No sign-up needed to start.
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WHAT THE TEST MEASURES
About This Assessment

Attributional Style for Successes and Failures Questionnaire (STONE-10) Test - Symptoms and Signs

attributional style
optimism
positive psychology

This questionnaire assesses how individuals explain positive and negative life events, with attention to the perceived controllability of causes. The Attributional Style for Successes and Failures Questionnaire (STONE-10) is intended to characterize patterns of attribution that may be relevant to coping, motivation, and responses to interpersonal or achievement-related situations. It contains 20 items and takes about 4 minutes to complete.

Items present brief scenarios involving successes and setbacks, and respondents indicate how they would typically interpret the outcomes. The measure emphasizes controllability rather than internality, supporting clinical formulation around perceived influence over outcomes and expectations for change. The Attributional Style for Successes and Failures Questionnaire (STONE-10) has been attributed to C. S. Dweck, M. E. P. Seligman, and B. Weiner.

Author: B. Weiner, C. S. Dweck, M. E. P. Seligman
Literature: Peterson, C., Semmel, A., von Baeyer, C., Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Seligman, M. E. P. The attributional style questionnaire. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 1982.; Buchanan, G. M., & Seligman, M. E. P. Explanatory style. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 1995.
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