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metacognition

Dunning Kruger Effect Test

Dunning Kruger Effect Test: Cognitive Bias Analysis - FreudlyDunning Kruger Effect Test: Assess self-awareness and competence perception. Free cognitive bias screening. Try it now!en
After about 10 minutes and 69 questions, the Dunning Kruger Effect Test shows how your estimated performance compares with your demonstrated performance across reasoning tasks. The result can highlight overconfidence, underconfidence, or accurate calibration, giving you a practical starting point for self-reflection and more careful checking.
Questions: 6910 minutes
Dunning Kruger Effect Test: sample question card
March 25, 2026March 25, 2026Material has been updatedMarch 25, 2026Material has been published
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1,993 completions
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Daniel HallPsychologist · Test reviewer
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Scale Explorer

How the Scales are Structured

Calibration GapCG
Calibration Gap indicates how closely your self-rated performance matches your actual score by subtracting your performance score from your self-rating.
example score3/20
3/20Overconfidentexample score
-20 – -1Underconfident
0Well-calibrated
1 – 20Overconfident
A score of 3 suggests mild overconfidence, meaning you rated your performance slightly higher than your results indicated.
Performance ScorePS
Measures how many quiz items you answered correctly across logic, language, and everyday reasoning.
example score10/20
10/20Moderate performanceexample score
0 – 8Lower performance
9 – 14Moderate performance
15 – 20Higher performance
A score of 10 falls in the Moderate performance range, indicating about half of the items were answered correctly.
Self-Rated PerformanceSRP
Measures how well you think you performed before seeing your actual results.
example score4/20
4/20Low self-ratingexample score
0 – 6Low self-rating
7 – 13Moderate self-rating
14 – 20High self-rating
A score of 4 indicates a low self-rating, meaning you expected to get relatively few items correct.
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DATA-BASED USER COHORTS

Who Usually Takes This Test?

Self-improvement curious
41%OF USERS
People who like learning about thinking traps and want a quick reality-check on how accurately they judge their own skills.
Students and test-takers
34%OF USERS
Learners preparing for exams or coursework who want to compare their confidence with their actual performance on mixed questions.
Professionals seeking feedback
25%OF USERS
Working adults who want to spot overconfidence or underconfidence in everyday decisions and improve how they self-assess.
BASED ON AGGREGATED, ANONYMIZED DATA FROM TENS OF THOUSANDS OF FREUDLY USERS.
Benchmarking

See How You Compare

Once you complete the test, your results are compared with real-world data from people in your country.
Below is a preview of how scores are typically distributed across each scale.
Shaded area — where most people score
Dot — the average
You — your score lands on each curve after the test— your score, after the test
Calibration GapCG
You?
Average2.5
Typical rangeTypical-4.4 – 9.3
Possible-20 – 20
Performance ScorePS
You?
Average7.3
Typical rangeTypical4.5 – 10.2
Possible0 – 20
Self-Rated PerformanceSP
You?
Average6.4
Typical rangeTypical2.8 – 10.1
Possible0 – 20
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SAMPLE QUESTIONS

Example Questions From the Test

    • Strongly disagree
    • Disagree
    • Not sure
    • Agree
    • Strongly disagree
    • Disagree
    • Not sure
    • Agree
    • Strongly disagree
    • Disagree
    • Not sure
    • Agree
WHAT THE TEST MEASURES

Dunning Kruger Effect Test - Description and methodology of the test

metacognition

People who want to check whether their confidence matches their performance can use this assessment to examine self-evaluation during reasoning tasks. The Dunning Kruger Effect Test is intended for curious respondents who notice missed mistakes, inflated expectations, or overly cautious judgments. This assessment functions as a dunning kruger test for focused self-reflection, separating what you think you achieved from what you demonstrated.

What This Test Measures

Confidence is treated as calibration: how closely estimated performance tracks actual performance. Logic, language, and everyday reasoning items test performance, while self-report statements examine expectations, mistakes, and confidence. In this dunning kruger quiz, task questions and self-ratings produce separate results rather than one blended ability score.

Three result dimensions are shown:

  • Calibration Gap (-20-20) measures perceived-versus-actual performance: positive values show overconfidence, negative values underconfidence, and values near 0 accurate calibration. Bands: Underconfident -20 to -1; Well-calibrated 0 to 0; Overconfident 1 to 20.
  • Performance Score (0-20) measures correct answers across logic, language, and everyday reasoning. Higher scores show stronger demonstrated performance. Bands: Lower performance 0-8; Moderate performance 9-14; Higher performance 15-20.
  • Self-Rated Performance (0-20) measures the estimated score before results; higher scores show greater perceived performance. Bands: Low self-rating 0-6; Moderate self-rating 7-13; High self-rating 14-20.

Methodology and Evidence Base

The format combines self-evaluation statements with objective reasoning items. In the represented format, agreement prompts use four choices-Strongly disagree, Disagree, Not sure, and Agree-while task items present four possible answers. The represented items span logic, language, everyday reasoning, patterns, probability, vocabulary, arithmetic, and practical judgment.

Scoring defines Calibration Gap as Self-Rated Performance minus Performance Score, showing whether the estimate is above or below demonstrated performance. The displayed ranges describe outcome categories, not a separate points-per-answer rule.

The framework is conceptually consistent with Kruger and Dunning (1999), who examined self-assessment alongside task performance. Ehrlinger and colleagues (2008) explored self-insight, while Jansen and colleagues (2021) modelled confidence across performance levels. Here, estimated and demonstrated performance sit side by side; this confidence calibration test does not reproduce those studies.

Interpret the result as a task-specific snapshot. Concentration, familiarity, response bias, self-awareness, and item difficulty can influence it, so these results may not represent broader ability. Read the displayed bands alongside the separate performance and self-rating results.

Literature:
  • Kruger, Justin, and David Dunning. "Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one’s own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77, no. 6 (1999): 1121-1134. 10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1121
  • Ehrlinger, Joyce, Kerri Johnson, Matthew Banner, David Dunning, and Justin Kruger. "Why the Unskilled Are Unaware: Further Explorations of (Absent) Self-Insight Among the Incompetent." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 105, no. 1 (2008): 98-121. 10.1016/j.obhdp.2007.05.002
  • Jansen, Rachel A., Anna N. Rafferty, and Thomas L. Griffiths. "A rational model of the Dunning-Kruger effect supports insensitivity to evidence in low performers." Nature Human Behaviour 5, no. 6 (2021): 756-763. 10.1038/s41562-021-01057-0

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