Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS) Test

How the Scales are Structured
Who Usually Takes This Test?
See How You Compare
Below is a preview of how scores are typically distributed across each scale.
Example Questions From the Test
- Totally agree
- Mostly agree
- Somewhat agree
- Hard to say
- Somewhat disagree
- Mostly disagree
- Totally disagree
- Completely agree
- Mostly agree
- Slightly agree
- Difficult to say
- Slightly disagree
- Mostly disagree
- Completely disagree
- Completely agree
- Mostly agree
- Somewhat agree
- Difficult to say
- Somewhat disagree
- Mostly disagree
- Completely disagree
Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS) Test - Description and methodology of the test
For people weighing whether perfectionistic rules, approval needs, or fear of failure are shaping daily choices, the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS) Test offers a structured way to examine them. Examining rigid belief patterns in everyday life can help someone reflect after a setback or during relationship strain. The result helps identify beliefs worth questioning before they guide another decision.
What This Assessment Explores
The questionnaire examines rigid rules about worth, acceptance, success, safety, and dependence. Its statements touch on perfectionism, fear of mistakes or criticism, approval-seeking, distrust, isolation, and the belief that setbacks define the whole person. These maladaptive beliefs can shape interpretations of relationships and disappointments, while the result indicates attitudes that may affect interpersonal relationships and well-being.
These are the main belief areas represented by the items:
- Self-worth and achievement beliefs show whether value depends on success, talent, perfection, or constant goodness.
- Approval and belonging beliefs show how strongly happiness depends on love, liking, support, or agreement.
- Threat and coping beliefs show how a person interprets criticism, mistakes, risk, dependence, and difficult problems.
The displayed Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale score runs from 40-280: Low 40-103, Moderate 104-138, and High 139-280. Higher scores may indicate more persistent dysfunctional beliefs and possible interpersonal difficulties.
Methodology and Scientific Basis
The DAS questionnaire uses seven agreement choices, moving from strong agreement to strong disagreement, with a midpoint for uncertainty. The items ask how strongly a person endorses each belief; they do not ask how often an experience occurs.
Answers form one displayed total. Because item reversals or weights are not stated, the endpoints alone cannot show each response’s contribution; online scoring has not been standardized, and this version has no established norms.
Conceptually, the approach uses a cognitive-behavioral lens and is consistent with Dysfunctional Attitude Scale Form A (Weissman & Beck, 1978); Weissman’s 1979 validation study offers related evidence. Those published DAS studies do not validate this online version.
Factor analysis by Beck, Brown, Steer, and Weissman (1991) and revision work by de Graaf, Roelofs, and Huibers (2009) clarify relevant dimensions. Interpretation can shift with current stress, self-awareness, and response style, especially when a person answers according to a recent event. A high band invites examination of recurring beliefs, but the result is not a diagnosis.
- Weissman, Arlene N., and Aaron T. Beck. (1978). Development and Validation of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale: A Preliminary Investigation. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, March 1978. ERIC ED167619.
- Weissman, Arlene Nancy. (1979). The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale: A Validation Study. Doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Dissertation Abstracts International, 40, 1389B-1390B.
- Beck, Aaron T., Gary Brown, Robert A. Steer, and Arlene N. Weissman. (1991). Factor analysis of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale in a clinical population. Psychological Assessment, 3(3), 478-483. 10.1037/1040-3590.3.3.478
- de Graaf, L. Esther, Jeffrey Roelofs, and Marcus J. H. Huibers. (2009). Measuring Dysfunctional Attitudes in the General Population: The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (Form A) Revised. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 33(4), 345-355. 10.1007/s10608-009-9229-y
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