Religious Trauma Syndrome Test

How the Scales are Structured
Who Usually Takes This Test?
See How You Compare
Below is a preview of how scores are typically distributed across each scale.
Example Questions From the Test
- Strongly disagree
- Disagree
- Not sure
- Agree
- Strongly agree
- Strongly disagree
- Disagree
- Not sure
- Agree
- Strongly agree
- Strongly disagree
- Disagree
- Not sure
- Agree
- Strongly agree
Religious Trauma Syndrome Test - Description and methodology of the test
A strict faith can give a child certainty and a place to belong, and it can also teach fear, guilt and silence that last into adult life. This religious trauma syndrome test looks at that echo in the present tense. It suits people who still attend services and people who are leaving religion, because every statement is about the environment you lived in, not about whether you believe today.
What the questionnaire measures
Psychologist Marlene Winell introduced the term religious trauma syndrome in 2011 to describe what many people report after a controlling or fear-based upbringing. The questionnaire looks at four areas of that picture. Fear covers punishment, hell, the end of the world and the sense of being watched, including the urge to check every thought for sin. Shame covers guilt about the body and desire, often learned in purity culture, and the belief that you are never good enough. Control covers obedience without questions, hidden doubts and black-and-white thinking that stays after the rules are gone. Loss covers family closeness that depends on believing the right things, the identity gap, anger and grief. High scores often follow spiritual abuse, yet they also appear in quiet, ordinary congregations.
How it works and how to read your result
You rate 25 statements on a five-point scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The four areas are mixed, so the order gives little away, and five statements describe the freer opposite, such as feeling free to ask awkward questions, and are scored in reverse. Each answer adds 0 to 4 points, and the four areas add up to one level from 0 to 100. The result shows:
- your overall level, marked as a light, noticeable or deep imprint;
- the area that weighs most today and the one that has healed most;
- eight smaller patterns, such as fear of punishment or belonging at a cost;
- how your four areas look next to other people's answers.
A quick religious trauma test usually stops at yes or no, while this profile shows where the weight sits. A high score in loss calls for a different first step than a high score in fear. Retaking it after a big change, such as a move or a new relationship, shows what has shifted.
- Winell, M. (1993). Leaving the fold: A guide for former fundamentalists and others leaving their religion. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger.
- Winell, M. (2011). Religious trauma syndrome: It's time to recognize it. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Today, 39(2).
- Pargament, K. I. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice. New York: Guilford Press.
- Abramowitz, J. S., Huppert, J. D., Cohen, A. B., Tolin, D. F., & Cahill, S. P. (2002). Religious obsessions and compulsions in a non-clinical sample: The Penn Inventory of Scrupulosity (PIOS). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(7), 825-838.
- Exline, J. J., Pargament, K. I., Grubbs, J. B., & Yali, A. M. (2014). The Religious and Spiritual Struggles Scale: Development and initial validation. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 6(3), 208-222.
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