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self-determination

Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) Test

Take the online Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) Test - AI psychologist FreudlyYou can take Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) Test here. Online version of a simple and accurate psychological test with interpretation.en
Designed for athletes, the Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) Test takes about six minutes and contains 28 questions about the reasons behind sports participation. Your result outlines the motivational pattern reflected in your answers, helping you recognize intrinsic and extrinsic motives and amotivation for self-reflection and more focused performance support.
Questions: 286 minutes
Sport Motivation Scale (SMS): situation and reply bubbles
October 2, 2025October 2, 2025Material has been updatedOctober 2, 2025Material has been published
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2,086 completions
1,252 likes
Daniel HallPsychologist · Test reviewer
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Scale Explorer

How the Scales are Structured

Professional Sport Motivation AssessmentPSMA
Assesses the overall strength and structure of an athlete’s motivation for professional sports, including intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation components.
example score54/100
54/100Moderate motivationexample score
0 – 33Low motivation
34 – 66Moderate motivation
67 – 100High motivation
A score of 54 indicates a moderate overall motivational profile, suggesting generally present drivers for training and competition with some variability in internal versus external motives.
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DATA-BASED USER COHORTS

Who Usually Takes This Test?

Competitive athletes in-season
41%OF USERS
They take it to understand what drives their training and performance right now and why motivation shifts across the season.
Coaches and team staff
34%OF USERS
They use it to spot whether athletes respond best to internal goals, external incentives, or need support to prevent burnout.
Sports psychologists and researchers
25%OF USERS
They administer it for screening and tracking motivation patterns to guide interventions and evaluate training programs.
BASED ON AGGREGATED, ANONYMIZED DATA FROM TENS OF THOUSANDS OF FREUDLY USERS.
Benchmarking

See How You Compare

Once you complete the test, your results are compared with real-world data from people in your country.
Below is a preview of how scores are typically distributed across each scale.
Shaded area — where most people score
Dot — the average
You — your score lands on each curve after the test— your score, after the test
Assessment of motives in professional sports, SMSAomipsS
You?
Average42.7
Typical rangeTypical30.2 – 55.2
Possible0 – 100
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SAMPLE QUESTIONS

Example Questions From the Test

    • Does not correspond at all
    • Does not correspond
    • Rather does not correspond
    • Moderately corresponds
    • Rather corresponds
    • Corresponds
    • Completely corresponds
    • Does not correspond at all
    • Does not correspond
    • Rather does not correspond
    • Moderately corresponds
    • Rather corresponds
    • Corresponds
    • Fully corresponds
    • Does not correspond at all
    • Does not correspond
    • Rather does not correspond
    • Moderately corresponds
    • Rather corresponds
    • Corresponds
    • Completely corresponds
WHAT THE TEST MEASURES

Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) Test - Description and methodology of the test

self-determination
sport
sports motivation

For athletes examining what keeps them engaged in training, this assessment organizes the reasons behind participation into a readable motivational picture. The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) Test can show how intrinsic and extrinsic motives and amotivation appear in the current pattern. The results make this sport motivation test useful for self-reflection and more focused conversations about training support.

What This Assessment Explores

Rather than treating motivation as one quality, the assessment covers rewarding, necessary, social, and difficult-to-sustain aspects of sport. Items address learning, improvement, fitness, recognition, relationships, pressure, guilt, and doubts.

These themes show whether engagement is driven by intrinsic motives, shaped by extrinsic expectations, or accompanied by amotivation; doubts, low confidence, and unclear direction appear as item content in this athlete motivation questionnaire. The score reflects the broader pattern.

The displayed scale is Professional Sport Motivation Assessment, ranging from 0-100. Its bands are Low motivation 0-33, Moderate motivation 34-66, and High motivation 67-100. It covers intrinsic and extrinsic motives and amotivation in professional sport.

These themes are grouped as:

  • Enjoyment and growth motives show whether learning and improvement reward participation.
  • Extrinsic motives show how approval, relationships, fitness, prestige, or pressure matter.
  • Amotivation shows whether unclear direction, doubts, or low confidence weaken commitment.

Methodology and Scientific Basis

Each statement uses a seven-point scale, from "Does not correspond at all" to "Completely corresponds." Respondents judge how closely a reason, feeling, or doubt matches participation, so this is a self-report task rather than a test.

The SMS motivation assessment produces one overall score reflecting the broader pattern of intrinsic and extrinsic motives and amotivation. It does not present separate motive scores or specify an item-weighting and norming procedure; the resulting score is not a standardized measure. Read it by its direction and context rather than as a clinical cutoff.

The 28-item structure and wording identify this questionnaire as an online adaptation or translation of the original 28-item Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). That instrument distinguishes intrinsic and extrinsic motives and amotivation. SMS-II is a later revised instrument; its validation does not validate the scoring used here. Self-determination theory explains different forms of regulation.

Current circumstances, relationships, external expectations, confidence, and self-perception can influence answers. Honest self-observation matters when items concern pressure, doubts, or low ability. Read the result as a current reflection of motivational tendencies when considering training or support.

Author: Edward L. Deci, Richard M. Ryan
Literature:
  • Pelletier, Luc G., Tuson, Kim M., Fortier, Michelle S., Vallerand, Robert J., Brière, Nathalie M., and Blais, Marc R. (1995). Toward a New Measure of Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation, and Amotivation in Sports: The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(1), 35-53. 10.1123/jsep.17.1.35
  • Pelletier, Luc G., Rocchi, Meredith A., Vallerand, Robert J., Deci, Edward L., and Ryan, Richard M. (2013). Validation of the revised sport motivation scale (SMS-II). Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(3), 329-341. 10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.12.002
  • Deci, Edward L., and Ryan, Richard M. (2000). The “What” and “Why” of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. 10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01

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