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ptsd

Combat Exposure Scale (CES) Test

Take the online Combat Exposure Scale (CES) Test - AI psychologist FreudlyYou can take Combat Exposure Scale (CES) Testhere. Online version of a simple and accurate psychological test with interpretation.en
Understand the intensity of a veteran’s combat exposure in about 2 minutes. Seven items yield a clear score to guide PTSD care and prioritize treatment targets.
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Questions: 72 minutes
08:30
October 2, 2025
October 2, 2025
Material has been updated
October 2, 2025
Material has been published
18,516 views
1,506 completions
1,281 likes
Verified by Daniel Hall
Psychologist with 25 years of experience
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Scale Explorer

How the Scales are Structured

example score
12/26
Combat Exposure Intensity (CEI)
Measures the quantitative intensity of an individual’s exposure to combat-related events and stressors.
Low exposure
Moderate exposure
High exposure
0 – 8: Low exposure | 9 – 17: Moderate exposure | 18 – 26: High exposure
A score of 12 indicates a moderate level of combat exposure, suggesting a noticeable but not extreme intensity of combat-related experiences.
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DATA-BASED USER COHORTS

Who Usually Takes This Test?

Veterans with PTSD symptoms
44%OF USERS
People who served in combat and now have anxiety, nightmares, or intrusive memories use it to gauge how intense their frontline exposure was.
Therapists and clinicians
33%OF USERS
Mental health professionals use it to get a structured measure of combat stressors to guide trauma-focused assessment and treatment planning.
Active-duty service members
23%OF USERS
Military personnel returning from deployments take it to document recent combat exposure and flag potential need for follow-up support.
BASED ON AGGREGATED, ANONYMIZED DATA FROM TENS OF THOUSANDS OF FREUDLY USERS.
Benchmarking

See How You Compare

Once you complete the test, your results are compared with real-world data from people in your country.
Below is a preview of how scores are typically distributed across each scale.
Combat Experience Intensity Scale (CEIS)
Combat Experience Intensity Scale (CEIS)
Average
18
Normal range
13.6 — 22.5
min.
0
max.
26
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
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SAMPLE QUESTIONS

Example Questions From the Test

These questions concern the nature and duration of your exposure to wartime conditions (if applicable), including any events that occurred on land, in the air, or at sea. Beneath each question is a rating scale ranging from 0 to 3 (or to 4). Select the response option on this scale that most closely corresponds to your wartime experience. If any item is unclear, it may be clarified with the psychologist conducting the interview.
    • never
    • 1–2 times
    • 3–12 times
    • 13–50 times
    • more than 50 times
    • never
    • less than 1 month
    • 1–3 months
    • 4–6 months
    • more than 6 months
    • never
    • 1–2 times
    • 3–12 times
    • more than 12 times
These are 3 of the 7 real questions — the rest appear in the test. No sign-up needed to start.
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WHAT THE TEST MEASURES
About This Assessment

Combat Exposure Scale (CES) Test - Symptoms and Signs

ptsd
occupational psychology

This measure provides a brief, structured estimate of an individual’s level of wartime operational stress exposure. The Combat Exposure Scale (CES) is commonly used in clinical and research settings to quantify the severity and frequency of combat-related events based on self-report.

It contains 7 items and typically takes about 2 minutes to complete. Items focus on concrete experiences (e.g., exposure to enemy fire, direct engagement, and related combat situations), yielding a score that can support case formulation, trauma-focused assessment, and interpretation of posttraumatic stress-related presentations. The Combat Exposure Scale (CES) is attributed to Charles W. Hoge and Matthew J. Friedman.

Author: Charles W. Hoge, Matthew J. Friedman
Literature: Keane, T. M., Fairbank, J. A., Caddell, J. M., Zimering, R. T., Taylor, K. L., & Mora, C. A. Clinical evaluation of a measure to assess combat exposure. Psychological Assessment. 1989.
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