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Psychological Mindedness Scale (PMS)3

Psychological Mindedness Scale (PMS) Test

After 45 questions completed in about 9 minutes, the Psychological Mindedness Scale (PMS) Test shows how you approach inner experiences, emotional awareness, change, and conversations about personal concerns. Your profile can support self-reflection by highlighting strengths and areas for developing greater insight into your psychological processes.

Questions: 459 minutes

Psychological Mindedness Scale (PMS) Test: sample question card

October 2, 2025October 2, 2025Material has been updatedOctober 2, 2025Material has been published

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Daniel Hall Psychologist · Test reviewer

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Scale Explorer

How the Scales are Structured

Openness to New ExperiencesOtNE

Measures openness to new life situations and willingness to embrace change despite potential risk.

example score10/20

10/20Moderate opennessexample score

5 – 9Low openness

10 – 15Moderate openness

16 – 20High openness

A score of 10 indicates moderate openness, suggesting some readiness to try new experiences while still preferring a degree of predictability.

Willingness to Discuss FeelingsWtDF

Measures readiness and willingness to openly share and discuss one’s inner experiences with others.

example score21/24

21/24Open discussionexample score

6 – 12Reserved

13 – 18Selective sharing

19 – 24Open discussion

A score of 21 falls in the Open discussion range, suggesting you are generally comfortable bringing personal feelings and experiences into conversation with others.

Perceived Benefits of Discussing FeelingsPBoDF

Assesses how strongly a person believes that talking with others about their feelings and experiences is beneficial.

example score18/24

18/24Moderate perceived benefitexample score

6 – 12Low perceived benefit

13 – 18Moderate perceived benefit

19 – 24High perceived benefit

A score of 18 indicates a moderate belief that discussing feelings with others is helpful, suggesting openness to dialogue in some situations but not consistently.

Accessibility of Emotional ExperienceAoEE

Measures how accessible and understandable your internal experiences (emotions and thoughts) are for conscious awareness and reflection.

example score16/24

16/24Moderate accessibilityexample score

6 – 12Low accessibility

13 – 18Moderate accessibility

19 – 24High accessibility

A score of 16 indicates a moderate level of accessibility, suggesting you can usually notice and make sense of your emotions and thoughts, though some experiences may be harder to articulate or analyze.

Interest in Inner ExperiencesIiIE

Measures how interested and attentive a person is to their own inner experiences and emotional states.

example score23/28

23/28Highexample score

7 – 14Low

15 – 21Moderate

22 – 28High

A score of 23 falls in the High range, suggesting a pronounced tendency toward self-reflection and sustained attention to feelings and inner experience.

Psychological MindednessPM

Assesses how clearly a person recognizes, reflects on, and makes sense of their own emotions, thoughts, and psychological processes.

example score103/180

103/180Moderate insightexample score

45 – 89Low insight

90 – 134Moderate insight

135 – 180High insight

A score of 103 falls in the Moderate insight range, suggesting a generally adequate capacity for self-reflection and emotional openness with room to deepen understanding of inner experiences.

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DATA-BASED USER COHORTS

Who Usually Takes This Test?

Therapy clients in progress

41%OF USERS

People already in counseling use it to gauge how aware they are of feelings and thoughts and to track changes during therapy.

Self-reflection seekers

34%OF USERS

Curious self-improvers take it to understand how connected they are to their inner experience and emotional reactions.

Psychology students and researchers

25%OF USERS

Learners and researchers use it for quick assessment in studies or training to compare psychological awareness across groups.

BASED ON AGGREGATED, ANONYMIZED DATA FROM TENS OF THOUSANDS OF FREUDLY USERS.

Benchmarking

See How You Compare

Once you complete the test, your results are compared with real-world data from people in your country.
Below is a preview of how scores are typically distributed across each scale.

Shaded area — where most people score

Dot — the average

You — your score lands on each curve after the test— your score, after the test

Openness to New ExperiencesOtNE

You?

Average13.1

Typical rangeTypical10.4 – 15.8

Possible5 – 20

The desire to discuss experiencesTdtde

You?

Average14.6

Typical rangeTypical11.5 – 17.7

Possible6 – 24

Benefits of Discussing Your FeelingsBoDYF

You?

Average13.2

Typical rangeTypical10.1 – 16.4

Possible6 – 24

Accessibility of ExperiencesAoE

You?

Average18.6

Typical rangeTypical16.1 – 21.2

Possible6 – 24

Interest in the field of experiencesIitfoe

You?

Average18.3

Typical rangeTypical15.6 – 20.9

Possible7 – 28

Psychological Rationality ScalePRS

You?

Average105

Typical rangeTypical80.5 – 129.5

Possible45 – 180

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SAMPLE QUESTIONS

Example Questions From the Test

- Strongly disagree
- Disagree
- Agree
- Strongly agree
- Strongly disagree
- Disagree
- Agree
- Strongly agree
- Strongly disagree
- Disagree
- Agree
- Strongly agree

These are 3 of the 45 real questions — the rest appear in the test. No sign-up needed to start.

WHAT THE TEST MEASURES

Psychological Mindedness Scale (PMS) Test - Description and methodology of the test

cbt

psychological rationality

People who want a clearer picture of how they engage with feelings, personal problems, and change may find this profile useful. The Psychological Mindedness Scale (PMS) Test describes patterns in self-reflection, emotional accessibility, openness, and communication. A psychological mindedness questionnaire can help a respondent identify tendencies that may make inner experiences easier or harder to examine.

What This Assessment Measures

This psychological mindedness assessment examines self-reflection, emotional awareness, openness to change, and discussion of personal concerns. It suits people seeking a structured profile of how they understand inner experience.

The six displayed dimensions are:

Openness to New Experiences (5-20) reflects flexibility: Low openness 5-9; Moderate openness 10-15; High openness 16-20.
Willingness to Discuss Feelings (6-24) reflects sharing readiness: Reserved 6-12; Selective sharing 13-18; Open discussion 19-24.
Perceived Benefits of Discussing Feelings (6-24) reflects value placed on dialogue: Low perceived benefit 6-12; Moderate perceived benefit 13-18; High perceived benefit 19-24.
Accessibility of Emotional Experience (6-24) reflects emotional awareness: Low accessibility 6-12; Moderate accessibility 13-18; High accessibility 19-24.
Interest in Inner Experiences (7-28) reflects attention to feelings: Low 7-14; Moderate 15-21; High 22-28.
Psychological Mindedness (45-180) reflects overall insight: Low insight 45-89; Moderate insight 90-134; High insight 135-180.

Methodology and Evidence Base

Each item uses a four-point agreement format: Strongly disagree, Disagree, Agree, or Strongly agree. Statements address discussing problems, accepting advice, trying unfamiliar approaches, emotional influences, and beliefs about psychological difficulties. This makes the task a judgment of personal tendencies, not a performance test.

The displayed ranges organize component and total results into descriptive bands. The online psychological mindedness test does not document each response’s point value or any reverse-scoring, so the bands cannot be used to reconstruct an undisclosed scoring formula.

Conceptually, this questionnaire is consistent with Psychological Mindedness Scale (PMS) (Conte et al., 1990), the published instrument whose construct it reflects, but it should not be assumed to be an identical adaptation. Conte, Ratto, and Karasu (1996) examined factor structure and psychotherapy outcome; Shill and Lumley (2002) studied factor structure and convergent validity in a non-psychiatric sample. Their findings support the construct framework, not matching norms, reliability, validity, or standardization for this online form.

Self-report results can shift with current circumstances, self-awareness, and candor. Read the profile as present tendencies, not a diagnosis or fixed measure of psychological maturity.

Author: Ellen J. Langer, Kirk Warren Brown, Richard M. Ryan

Literature:

Conte, H. R., Plutchik, R., Jung, B. B., Picard, S., Karasu, T. B., & Lotterman, A. (1990). Psychological mindedness as a predictor of psychotherapy outcome: A preliminary report. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 31(5), 426-431. 10.1016/0010-440X(90)90027-P
Conte, H. R., Ratto, R., & Karasu, T. B. (1996). The psychological mindedness scale: Factor structure and relationship to outcome of psychotherapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research, 5(3), 250-259.
Shill, M. A., & Lumley, M. A. (2002). The Psychological Mindedness Scale: Factor structure, convergent validity and gender in a non-psychiatric sample. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 75(2), 131-150. 10.1348/147608302169607

Updated: 2025-10-02