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decision making

General Decision-Making Style Inventory (GDMS) Test

Take the online General Decision-Making Style Inventory (GDMS) Test - AI psychologist FreudlyYou can take General Decision-Making Style Inventory (GDMS) Testhere. Online version of a simple and accurate psychological test with interpretation.en
Understand how you typically make decisions in just 5 minutes. With 25 quick items, get a clear profile you can use for coaching, teamwork, and personal growth.
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Questions: 255 minutes
08:30
October 2, 2025
October 2, 2025
Material has been updated
October 2, 2025
Material has been published
23,195 views
2,874 completions
1,807 likes
Verified by Daniel Hall
Psychologist with 25 years of experience
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Scale Explorer

How the Scales are Structured

example score
13/20
Spontaneous (S)
Measures how strongly a person prefers making quick, in-the-moment decisions rather than deliberating or postponing choices.
Deliberate
Balanced pace
Impulsive
4 – 9: Deliberate | 10 – 14: Balanced pace | 15 – 20: Impulsive
A score of 13 falls in the Balanced pace range, suggesting you can decide fairly quickly when needed while still using some reflection in the process.
example score
19/25
Avoidant (A)
Measures the tendency to postpone decisions or avoid making choices, especially when decisions feel difficult or responsibility is salient.
Low
Moderate
High
5 – 11: Low | 12 – 18: Moderate | 19 – 25: High
A score of 19 indicates a high avoidant style, suggesting decisions are often delayed or sidestepped when choosing feels challenging.
example score
19/25
Dependent (D)
Measures the degree to which a person seeks advice and guidance from others when making decisions.
Independent
Balanced
Highly Dependent
5 – 11: Independent | 12 – 18: Balanced | 19 – 25: Highly Dependent
A score of 19 indicates a strong tendency to rely on others’ input and reassurance before making choices.
example score
21/30
Intuitive (I)
Measures the extent to which a person relies on hunches and feelings when making decisions.
Low intuitive
Moderate intuitive
High intuitive
6 – 13: Low intuitive | 14 – 22: Moderate intuitive | 23 – 30: High intuitive
A score of 21 indicates a moderate preference for using gut feelings and inner impressions, while still leaving room for other decision-making approaches.
example score
18/25
Rational (R)
Measures how strongly a person tends to gather information and logically compare options before deciding.
Less rational
Moderately rational
Highly rational
5 – 12: Less rational | 13 – 19: Moderately rational | 20 – 25: Highly rational
A score of 18 suggests a moderately rational style, with a consistent tendency to weigh evidence and alternatives while still leaving some room for faster or less analytical choices.
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just completed the test
DATA-BASED USER COHORTS

Who Usually Takes This Test?

Coaches and mentors
41%OF USERS
They use it to quickly understand a client’s decision habits and choose the right coaching focus.
Team leads and HR
34%OF USERS
They use it to anticipate how people decide under pressure and improve collaboration and role fit.
Self-improvement seekers
25%OF USERS
They take it to spot their default decision style and work on balancing it in daily life.
BASED ON AGGREGATED, ANONYMIZED DATA FROM TENS OF THOUSANDS OF FREUDLY USERS.
Benchmarking

See How You Compare

Once you complete the test, your results are compared with real-world data from people in your country.
Below is a preview of how scores are typically distributed across each scale.
Spontaneous (S)
Spontaneous (S)
Average
9.3
Normal range
7.3 — 11.3
min.
4
max.
20
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Avoidant (A)
Avoidant (A)
Average
11.8
Normal range
8.4 — 15.2
min.
5
max.
25
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Dependent (D)
Dependent (D)
Average
12
Normal range
8.4 — 15.6
min.
5
max.
25
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Intuitive (I)
Intuitive (I)
Average
22.5
Normal range
19.4 — 25.6
min.
6
max.
30
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Rational (R)
Rational (R)
Average
14.2
Normal range
10.4 — 18
min.
5
max.
25
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Start Online Test
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SAMPLE QUESTIONS

Example Questions From the Test

    • Disagree
    • Somewhat disagree
    • Neither agree nor disagree
    • Somewhat agree
    • Agree
    • Disagree
    • Somewhat disagree
    • Neither agree nor disagree
    • Somewhat agree
    • Agree
    • Disagree
    • Somewhat disagree
    • Neither agree nor disagree
    • Somewhat agree
    • Agree
These are 3 of the 25 real questions — the rest appear in the test. No sign-up needed to start.
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WHAT THE TEST MEASURES
About This Assessment
General Decision-Making Styles, GDMS Test

General Decision-Making Style Inventory (GDMS) Test - Symptoms and Signs

decision making

This brief self-report measure is used to characterize individual preferences in how decisions are typically made. The General Decision-Making Style Inventory (GDMS) provides a structured profile of common decision-making approaches across situations.

It consists of 25 items and typically takes about 5 minutes to complete. Items assess tendencies toward rational, intuitive, avoidant, dependent, and spontaneous decision-making styles, yielding style-specific scores that can inform clinical formulation, consultation, or research when interpreted in context. The General Decision-Making Style Inventory (GDMS) was developed by Suzanne C. Bruine de Bruin and Scott G. Parker.

Author: Scott G. Parker, Suzanne C. Bruine de Bruin
Literature: Mann, L., Burnett, P., Radford, M., & Ford, S. Decision-making style and stress. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making. 1997.; Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. Decision-making style: The development and assessment of a new measure. Educational and Psychological Measurement. 1995.
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