Psychological Space Sovereignty Questionnaire (PSS) Test
Understand how confidently someone sets and protects personal boundaries in about 13 minutes. Get clear, actionable insights across key areas of personal space for adults, teens, and family work.
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08:30
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How the Scales are Structured
DATA-BASED USER COHORTS
Who Usually Takes This Test?
BASED ON AGGREGATED, ANONYMIZED DATA FROM TENS OF THOUSANDS OF FREUDLY USERS.
RESULTS YOU CAN ACTUALLY USE
Benchmarking
See How You Compare
Once you complete the test, your results are compared with real-world data from people in your country.
Below is a preview of how scores are typically distributed across each scale.
Below is a preview of how scores are typically distributed across each scale.
Confidence in values (Civ)
Average
-5.2
Normal range
-9.7 — -0.6
min.
-14
max.
14
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Confidence in Social Connections (CiSC)
Average
-2.5
Normal range
-4.9 — -0.2
min.
-7
max.
7
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Confidence in Habits (CiH)
Average
-1.9
Normal range
-6.2 — 2.4
min.
-12
max.
12
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Confidence in the World of Things (CitWoT)
Average
-6.3
Normal range
-10.8 — -1.8
min.
-13
max.
13
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Territorial Confidence (TC)
Average
-0.8
Normal range
-3.8 — 2.3
min.
-10
max.
10
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Physical Body Confidence (PBC)
Average
-2.4
Normal range
-5.4 — 0.6
min.
-11
max.
11
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Confidence in the Psychological Space (CitPS)
Average
2.8
Normal range
-21.7 — 27.3
min.
-67
max.
67
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
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CLEAR ANSWERS TO COMMON QUESTIONS
Frequently Asked Questions
What does this questionnaire measure?
It measures how securely personal boundaries are perceived and maintained in everyday settings, including work and family contexts. It covers physical body, territory, possessions, habits, social connections, and values.
Who can take this questionnaire?
It is suitable for adolescents and adults. It may be used in individual assessment or as part of work with couples or families.
How long does it take to complete and how many items are included?
Completion time is about 13 minutes. It includes 67 items.
How should responses be selected?
Select the response that best matches typical behavior and feelings rather than a single unusual event. Answer all items unless instructions state otherwise.
How are results interpreted?
Scores describe the relative strength of boundaries across the six areas, indicating where sovereignty is stable and where it is less protected. Results should be interpreted alongside other clinical or organizational information.
WHAT THE TEST MEASURES
About This Assessment
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Psychological Space Sovereignty Questionnaire (PSS) Test - Symptoms and Signs
This questionnaire is used to assess perceived personal boundary regulation across everyday domains. The Psychological Space Sovereignty Questionnaire (PSS) is intended to support clinical and counseling formulations related to autonomy, privacy, and boundary-setting in adolescents and adults.
The measure includes 67 items and typically takes about 13 minutes to complete. Content is organized around multiple domains of psychological space (e.g., bodily autonomy, personal territory, possessions, routines, social ties, and personal values), helping to characterize how consistently an individual experiences and protects these boundaries across contexts.
The Psychological Space Sovereignty Questionnaire (PSS) is attributed to Irwin Altman and may be used alongside interview and collateral information to inform case conceptualization; interpretation should consider developmental stage, cultural norms, and situational demands.
Author: Irwin Altman
Literature: Altman, I. The environment and social behavior: Privacy, personal space, territory, and crowding. Brooks/Cole. 1975.; Westin, A. F. Privacy and freedom. Atheneum. 1967.; Brown, G., Lawrence, T. B., & Robinson, S. L. Territoriality in organizations. Academy of Management Review. 2005.
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