Psychological Mindedness Scale (PMS) Test
Understand awareness of thoughts and feelings in about 9 minutes. Get clear, actionable insight for therapy goals, progress tracking, or research using a 45 item measure.
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08:30
Scale Explorer
How the Scales are Structured
DATA-BASED USER COHORTS
Who Usually Takes This Test?
BASED ON AGGREGATED, ANONYMIZED DATA FROM TENS OF THOUSANDS OF FREUDLY USERS.
RESULTS YOU CAN ACTUALLY USE
Benchmarking
See How You Compare
Once you complete the test, your results are compared with real-world data from people in your country.
Below is a preview of how scores are typically distributed across each scale.
Below is a preview of how scores are typically distributed across each scale.
Openness to New Experiences (OtNE)
Average
13.1
Normal range
10.4 — 15.8
min.
5
max.
20
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
The desire to discuss experiences (Tdtde)
Average
14.6
Normal range
11.5 — 17.7
min.
6
max.
24
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Benefits of Discussing Your Feelings (BoDYF)
Average
13.2
Normal range
10.1 — 16.4
min.
6
max.
24
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Accessibility of Experiences (AoE)
Average
18.6
Normal range
16.1 — 21.2
min.
6
max.
24
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Interest in the field of experiences (Iitfoe)
Average
18.3
Normal range
15.6 — 20.9
min.
7
max.
28
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Psychological Rationality Scale (PRS)
Average
105
Normal range
80.5 — 129.5
min.
45
max.
180
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
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CLEAR ANSWERS TO COMMON QUESTIONS
Frequently Asked Questions
What does this questionnaire measure?
It measures awareness of inner experience and engagement with emotions and thoughts. It also reflects interest in observing and understanding personal reactions.
How long does it take and how many items are included?
Typical completion time is about 9 minutes. The questionnaire includes 45 statements.
How should items be answered?
Each statement should be rated based on how well it describes current or typical experience. Responses should reflect the first, most accurate impression.
How are results structured?
Scores can be summarized as an overall index and as five related factors. Factor content may vary slightly across adaptations, while scoring follows the original item keys.
How are results commonly used?
Results support assessment of readiness to work with psychological processes and monitoring of change over time. They are used in clinical, counseling, and research settings.
WHAT THE TEST MEASURES
About This Assessment
Psychological Mindedness Scale (PMS) Test - Symptoms and Signs
This self-report measure is used to assess an individual’s tendency to reflect on psychological processes and to attend to internal experiences. The Psychological Mindedness Scale (PMS), developed by Kirk Warren Brown and Ellen J. Langer, can support clinical case formulation and research when examining reflective functioning and openness to one’s thoughts and feelings.
The instrument consists of 45 items and typically requires about 9 minutes to complete. Responses are used to derive a summary indicator of psychological mindedness; results are generally interpreted in context with other clinical information rather than as a standalone diagnostic tool. The Psychological Mindedness Scale (PMS) may be used to characterize baseline individual differences and to monitor change over time in settings where insight-oriented processes are clinically relevant.
Author: Ellen J. Langer, Kirk Warren Brown, richard-m-ryan
Literature: Grant, A. M., Franklin, J., & Langford, P. The self-reflection and insight scale: A new measure of private self-consciousness. Social Behavior and Personality. 2002.; Conte, H. R., Plutchik, R., & Jung, B. Psychological mindedness as a predictor of psychotherapy outcome. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 1990.; Shill, M. A., & Lumley, M. A. The Psychological Mindedness Scale: Factor structure, convergent validity and gender in a non-psychiatric sample. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice. 2002.
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