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Cyberaggression Questionnaire (CYBA)3

Cyberaggression Questionnaire (CYBA) Test

With 19 questions and a completion time of about 4 minutes, the Cyberaggression Questionnaire (CYBA) Test helps you reflect on online aggressive behaviors, including verbal-visual aggression, sexting, and impersonation. Your results show patterns across these areas and can support clearer self-understanding of your digital interactions.

Questions: 194 minutes

Cyberaggression Questionnaire (CYBA) Test: test ticket with numbers

October 2, 2025October 2, 2025Material has been updatedOctober 2, 2025Material has been published

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3,894 completions

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Daniel Hall Psychologist · Test reviewer

3,464 likes

Scale Explorer

How the Scales are Structured

Verbal-VisualVV

Assesses the tendency toward verbal and visual forms of cyberaggression such as insults, threats, anonymous hostile messages, rumor spreading, and false accusations online.

example score20/44

20/44Lowexample score

11 – 21Low

22 – 32Moderate

33 – 44High

A score of 20 falls in the Low range, suggesting relatively infrequent verbal-visual cyberaggressive behaviors compared with higher scores on this scale.

SextingS

Measures the intensity of sexual cyber-aggression related to sending or receiving unwanted sexual messages or images.

example score17/20

17/20Highexample score

5 – 9Low

10 – 14Moderate

15 – 20High

A score of 17 falls in the High range, suggesting a pronounced tendency toward sexting-related cyber-aggressive behavior in online communication.

ImpersonationI

Measures the tendency to impersonate another person online by using someone else’s identity in digital interactions.

example score6/12

6/12Moderateexample score

3 – 5Low

6 – 8Moderate

9 – 12High

A score of 6 falls in the Moderate range, suggesting occasional or situational use of impersonation behaviors in online communication.

Integrative Cyberaggression ScaleICS

Measures the overall tendency toward cyberaggressive behavior across multiple online forms such as impersonation, sexting, and verbal-visual aggression.

example score61/76

61/76Highexample score

19 – 37Low

38 – 56Moderate

57 – 76High

A score of 61 falls in the High range, suggesting a pronounced tendency toward cyberaggressive behaviors across different online contexts.

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DATA-BASED USER COHORTS

Who Usually Takes This Test?

School psychologists and counselors

41%OF USERS

They use the questionnaire to quickly assess a teen’s online aggression patterns and plan targeted support or prevention work.

Researchers in adolescent behavior

34%OF USERS

They administer it in studies to measure different forms of cyberaggression and analyze links with school and social factors.

Parents and guardians

25%OF USERS

They take it to better understand whether a teenager’s online conflicts may be escalating into aggression and how to respond constructively.

BASED ON AGGREGATED, ANONYMIZED DATA FROM TENS OF THOUSANDS OF FREUDLY USERS.

Benchmarking

See How You Compare

Once you complete the test, your results are compared with real-world data from people in your country.
Below is a preview of how scores are typically distributed across each scale.

Shaded area — where most people score

Dot — the average

You — your score lands on each curve after the test— your score, after the test

Verbal-visualV

You?

Average34

Typical rangeTypical29.9 – 38.1

Possible11 – 44

SextingS

You?

Average9.9

Typical rangeTypical7.4 – 12.3

Possible5 – 20

ImpersonationI

You?

Average6.5

Typical rangeTypical4.8 – 8.2

Possible3 – 12

Integrative Scale of CyberaggressionISoC

You?

Average44.5

Typical rangeTypical35.5 – 53.4

Possible19 – 76

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SAMPLE QUESTIONS

Example Questions From the Test

- Never
- Rarely
- Often
- Always
- Never
- Rarely
- Often
- Always
- Never
- Rarely
- Often
- Always

These are 3 of the 19 real questions — the rest appear in the test. No sign-up needed to start.

WHAT THE TEST MEASURES

Cyberaggression Questionnaire (CYBA) Test - Description and methodology of the test

aggressiveness

cyberpsychology

People who want to examine their own conduct in digital spaces can use the Cyberaggression Questionnaire (CYBA) Test to consider actions that may harm, pressure, embarrass, or manipulate others online. This online aggression test is intended for self-reflection: it organizes reported behaviors into a profile, helping readers notice which forms of digital aggression deserve closer attention.

What This Assessment Explores

The questionnaire examines behavior rather than motives alone. Items address insults, rumors, threats, unwanted sexual content, humiliating recordings, exclusion, false complaints, and misuse of identity or private material. Readers reviewing their own conduct can use this cyber aggression questionnaire. The profile shows which forms are more prominent and how the overall pattern is classified.

The displayed profile contains four scales:

Verbal-Visual (11-44) measures insults, threats, rumors, and harmful altered or embarrassing media; Low 11-21, Moderate 22-32, High 33-44.
Sexting (5-20) measures unwanted sexual messages or images; Low 5-9, Moderate 10-14, High 15-20.
Impersonation (3-12) measures aggressive or manipulative use of another identity; Low 3-5, Moderate 6-8, High 9-12.
Integrative Cyberaggression Scale (19-76) combines the assessed forms; Low 19-37, Moderate 38-56, High 57-76 show the overall level.

Methodology and Scientific Basis

Each item uses a four-point frequency response: 1 Never, 2 Rarely, 3 Often, or 4 Always. The statements describe concrete online or mobile-phone behaviors, and displayed scores are interpreted through scale definitions and result bands. Those bands are descriptive result levels, not norm-referenced or clinical cutoffs; they do not by themselves establish standardized online scoring.

The closest published instrument is CYBA (Álvarez-García et al., 2016), whose structure supports the separation of verbal-visual aggression, sexting, impersonation, and an overall measure. This questionnaire is conceptually consistent with that work, but it is not presented as a direct reproduction of the published instrument. Sharov (2020) provides evidence concerning a Russian version of CYBA. Nocentini et al. (2010) helps situate the range of behaviors and labels used in cyberaggression research, while Anderson and Bushman (2002) offer a broader account of aggression as behavior intended to harm another person.

CYBA test results remain sensitive to self-report: recall, social desirability, current conflict, and personal understanding of each situation can affect scores; a result cannot by itself establish intent or explain a wider relationship.

Author: Brad J. Bushman, Craig A. Anderson

Literature:

Álvarez-García, D., Barreiro-Collazo, A., Núñez, J. C., & Dobarro, A. (2016). Validity and reliability of the Cyber-aggression Questionnaire for Adolescents (CYBA). The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 8(2), 69-77. 10.1016/j.ejpal.2016.02.003
Sharov, Alexey A. (2020). Measuring Cyber Aggression: Development of Russian Version of CYBA Questionnaire. Izvestiya of Saratov University. Educational Acmeology. Developmental Psychology, 9(2), 118-125. 10.18500/2304-9790-2020-9-2-118-125
Nocentini, Annalaura, Calmaestra, Juan, Schultze-Krumbholz, Anja, Scheithauer, Herbert, Ortega, Rosario, & Menesini, Ersilia. (2010). Cyberbullying: Labels, Behaviours and Definition in Three European Countries. Australian Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 20(2), 129-142. 10.1375/ajgc.20.2.129
Anderson, Craig A., & Bushman, Brad J. (2002). Human Aggression. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 27-51. 10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135231