Self-Injurious Behavior Motives Scale Test

Understand what drives self-injury and what it accomplishes in about 5 minutes. Pinpoint key coping functions to guide focused, more effective treatment planning.
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Questions265 minutes
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08:30
October 2, 2025
October 2, 2025
Material has been updated
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How the Scales are Structured
example score
3/5
Interpersonal Control (IC)
Measures the extent to which self-injury is used to influence interpersonal situations or regain a sense of control in relationships.
Low
Moderate
High
12.3Low2.43.6Moderate3.75High
A score of 3 falls in the Moderate range, suggesting self-injury may sometimes function as a way to affect others or manage interpersonal control, but it is not the predominant motive.
example score
3/5
Self-Change and Novel Experience Seeking (SaNES)
Measures the extent to which self-harming behavior is used to change oneself or seek new sensations and emotional states.
Low drive for change/novelty
Moderate drive for change/novelty
High drive for change/novelty
12Low drive for change/novelty3Moderate drive for change/novelty45High drive for change/novelty
A score of 3 suggests a moderate tendency to use self-harming behavior as a way to shift internal state or seek new experiences, alongside other possible motives.
example score
3/5
Tension Relief (TR)
Measures the extent to which self-injurious behavior is used to reduce internal stress, anxiety, or emotional tension.
Low
Moderate
High
12Low3Moderate45High
A score of 3 suggests a moderate tendency to use self-injurious behavior as one of the ways to manage or relieve internal tension.
example score
3/5
Influencing Others (IO)
Measures the extent to which self-injurious behavior is used to influence or affect other people.
Low
Moderate
High
12Low3Moderate45High
A score of 3 suggests a moderate tendency for self-injurious behavior to serve, at times, as a way to influence others or gain attention.
example score
3/5
Regaining Control Over Emotions (RCOE)
Measures the extent to which self-injury is used as a strategy to regain control over overwhelming emotions.
Low
Moderate
High
12Low3Moderate45High
A score of 3 suggests a moderate tendency to use self-injury to manage emotions and restore a sense of control.
example score
4/5
Self-Control (S)
Measures the extent to which self-harm is used to regain self-control through emotional regulation and tension relief.
Low
Moderate
High
12Low3Moderate45High
A score of 4 indicates a high tendency to use self-harm as a strategy to restore self-control by reducing emotional intensity and tension.
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DATA-BASED USER COHORTS
Who Usually Takes This Test?
Clients in therapy for self-harm
44%OF USERS
People already experiencing self-injury take it to clarify what needs the behavior is serving, like reducing distress or regaining control.
Psychologists and psychotherapists
36%OF USERS
Clinicians use it to structure assessment and discuss functions of self-injury to guide treatment planning.
Clinical trainees and interns
20%OF USERS
Students and early-career practitioners take it to learn how different motives for self-injury can be identified and documented.
BASED ON AGGREGATED, ANONYMIZED DATA FROM TENS OF THOUSANDS OF FREUDLY USERS.
RESULTS YOU CAN ACTUALLY USE
What You’ll See After You Finish the Test
Scale Results
— Explained Clearly
Your scores across each test scale, translated into plain, usable insights. Not just numbers, but what they actually mean for your daily life, emotional state, and overall well-being.
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Actionable guidance tailored to your profile. Receive clear, realistic suggestions you can apply immediately — focused on coping, self-regulation, and realistic next steps.
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Insights
Key patterns you might not notice on your own. Surfacing subtle connections in your responses that help you better understand what may be driving your current results.
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Clarify, reflect, and explore right away. Talk through your outcomes, ask questions, and explore meanings in a calm, non-diagnostic dialogue environment.
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Used in 52+ countries
Benchmarking
See How You Compare
Once you finish the test, your results will be compared with real-world data from people in your country.
Below is a preview of the benchmarks we use to place your score in context.
Interpersonal Control (IC)
Average
3.4
Normal range
2.94
min.
1
max.
5
majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear here so you can see where you land.
Changing Yourself, Seeking New Experiences (CYSNE)
Average
2.8
Normal range
2.13.5
min.
1
max.
5
majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear here so you can see where you land.
Relieving Tension (RT)
Average
3.9
Normal range
3.34.5
min.
1
max.
5
majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear here so you can see where you land.
Influencing Others (IO)
Average
3.8
Normal range
3.24.3
min.
1
max.
5
majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear here so you can see where you land.
Regaining control over your emotions (Rcoye)
Average
2.2
Normal range
1.62.7
min.
1
max.
5
majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear here so you can see where you land.
Self-control (S)
Average
3.4
Normal range
2.64.1
min.
1
max.
5
majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear here so you can see where you land.
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CLEAR ANSWERS TO COMMON QUESTIONS
Frequently Asked Questions

Any questions left?

What does this questionnaire measure?
It identifies common motives and functions linked to self-injurious behavior. Results describe patterns such as emotion regulation, communication, or attempts to gain control.
Who should complete this questionnaire?
It is intended for individuals with known or previously identified self-injurious behavior. It may also be used in clinical or training settings under appropriate supervision.
Does this questionnaire provide a diagnosis?
No, it does not diagnose any condition. It provides information that may support case formulation and treatment planning.
How long does it take and how many items are included?
Completion typically takes about 5 minutes. The questionnaire includes 26 items.
How should items be answered?
Respond to each item based on typical reasons for self-injury, not a single unusual event. Select the option that best matches usual experience, even if more than one reason may apply.
WHAT THE TEST MEASURES
About This Assessment
Scale of Causes of Self-Injurious Behavior Test

Self-Injurious Behavior Motives Scale Test

This measure is designed to clarify the functions that may maintain self-injurious behavior. The Self-Injurious Behavior Motives Scale assesses commonly reported motives for self-injury to support clinical case formulation (Matthew K. Nock and E. David Klonsky). It includes 26 items and typically requires about 5 minutes to complete.

Respondents indicate the extent to which different reasons apply to their self-injury (e.g., emotion regulation, interpersonal communication, or situational control). Results are intended to inform clinical understanding and treatment planning rather than to establish a diagnosis. In practice, the Self-Injurious Behavior Motives Scale can be used to guide discussion of triggers, reinforcement patterns, and alternative coping strategies within a broader assessment and risk-management process.

Author: E. David Klonsky, Matthew K. Nock
Literature: Nock, M. K. Self-injury. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. 2010.
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