Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS-18) Test
Understand how much you get stuck in repetitive, distressing thoughts in about 4 minutes. Get clear, actionable insights to guide targeted coping strategies and track change over time.
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08:30
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DATA-BASED USER COHORTS
Who Usually Takes This Test?
BASED ON AGGREGATED, ANONYMIZED DATA FROM TENS OF THOUSANDS OF FREUDLY USERS.
RESULTS YOU CAN ACTUALLY USE
Benchmarking
See How You Compare
Once you complete the test, your results are compared with real-world data from people in your country.
Below is a preview of how scores are typically distributed across each scale.
Below is a preview of how scores are typically distributed across each scale.
Experiencing Loneliness (EL)
Average
9.3
Normal range
8 — 10.6
min.
3
max.
12
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Analysis (A)
Average
5.7
Normal range
4.5 — 6.9
min.
3
max.
12
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Searching for global explanations (Sfge)
Average
11.2
Normal range
8.6 — 13.8
min.
5
max.
20
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Anergy (A)
Average
13.1
Normal range
9.6 — 16.6
min.
7
max.
28
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Rumination Scale (RS)
Average
39.2
Normal range
31.6 — 46.9
min.
18
max.
72
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
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CLEAR ANSWERS TO COMMON QUESTIONS
Frequently Asked Questions
What does this questionnaire measure?
It measures the tendency to engage in repetitive, unproductive thinking about problems, past events, and negative feelings. It focuses on persistent mental replay and analysis that does not lead to resolution.
How long does it take to complete and what is the format?
Completion typically takes about 4 minutes. It consists of 18 statements rated by selecting the response option that best matches usual thinking.
What time frame should be used when answering items?
Responses should reflect typical patterns rather than a single day. If unsure, select the option that best represents the most common experience.
How should results be interpreted?
Higher scores indicate a stronger tendency toward repetitive thinking and greater fixation on distressing content. Subscale scores can show the main direction of the repetitive thoughts.
Is this a diagnostic instrument for mental disorders?
It is a screening measure of a cognitive style and does not provide a diagnosis by itself. Results should be considered alongside clinical interview and other assessment information.
WHAT THE TEST MEASURES
About This Assessment
Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS-18) Test - Symptoms and Signs
This self-report measure assesses a person’s tendency to engage in repetitive, persistent thinking about distress and its implications. The Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS-18) is commonly used to characterize ruminative response styles associated with emotional distress.
It consists of 18 items and typically takes about 4 minutes to complete. Items query how individuals think or respond when feeling down or upset, supporting clinical case formulation and monitoring change over time. The measure is attributed to Sonja Lyubomirsky, Susan Nolen-Hoeksema, and Jannay Morrow.
Scores from the Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS-18) are interpreted as an index of ruminative tendency rather than as a standalone diagnosis, and should be considered alongside clinical interview data and other validated measures as appropriate.
Author: Jannay Morrow, Sonja Lyubomirsky, Susan Nolen-Hoeksema
Literature: Susan Nolen-Hoeksema. Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1991.; Treynor, W., Gonzalez, R., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2003.
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