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Athletes’ precompetition responses can be usefully characterized in terms of affective arousal and physiological activation. The Pre-Start States Questionnaire is a brief self-report measure designed to support this appraisal immediately prior to performance. It was developed by Rainer Martens, Robin S. Vealey, and Damon Burton.
The instrument consists of 30 items and typically takes about 6 minutes to complete. Results are intended to inform discussion of readiness and to help identify patterns such as elevated tension, under-activation, or autonomic symptoms that may warrant targeted regulation strategies in the moments leading up to competition.
In applied sport psychology contexts, the Pre-Start States Questionnaire may be used to monitor changes over time, guide preperformance routines, and complement observational or interview-based impressions with standardized self-report data.