Cognitive Difficulties Scale (CDS) Test
Understand how often attention, memory, and thinking issues affect you in about 5 minutes. 24 quick items give a clear snapshot to help decide if further support may be needed.
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How the Scales are Structured
DATA-BASED USER COHORTS
Who Usually Takes This Test?
BASED ON AGGREGATED, ANONYMIZED DATA FROM TENS OF THOUSANDS OF FREUDLY USERS.
RESULTS YOU CAN ACTUALLY USE
Benchmarking
See How You Compare
Once you complete the test, your results are compared with real-world data from people in your country.
Below is a preview of how scores are typically distributed across each scale.
Below is a preview of how scores are typically distributed across each scale.
Cognitive Impairment Scale (CIS)
Average
30.8
Normal range
17.8 — 43.8
min.
0
max.
96
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
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CLEAR ANSWERS TO COMMON QUESTIONS
Frequently Asked Questions
What does this scale measure?
It measures the frequency of perceived difficulties in attention, memory, thinking, and related everyday cognitive tasks. It is intended as an initial screen rather than a diagnostic evaluation.
Who can complete it?
It can be completed by adults who can read and understand the items and reflect on recent functioning. It may be used in clinical, rehabilitation, or psychological settings for monitoring over time.
How long does it take and how many items are included?
It includes 24 items and typically takes about 5 minutes to complete. Responses are based on how often each difficulty occurs.
Is any preparation required before completing it?
No special preparation is required. The items should be answered in a single sitting, based on typical recent experience.
How should results be interpreted?
Higher scores generally indicate more frequent cognitive complaints and may suggest the need for further assessment. Results should be considered alongside clinical history and other findings.
WHAT THE TEST MEASURES
About This Assessment
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Cognitive Difficulties Scale (CDS) Test - Symptoms and Signs
Cognitive functioning is often evaluated through structured self-report of everyday lapses in attention, memory, and related mental tasks. The Cognitive Difficulties Scale (CDS) is a brief questionnaire designed to capture an individual’s perceived frequency of common cognitive difficulties.
The measure includes 24 items and typically takes about 5 minutes to complete. Respondents rate how often they experience problems such as forgetfulness, reduced concentration, or slowed thinking; results are generally used as an initial indicator of perceived cognitive burden and may help guide decisions about further clinical evaluation or monitoring. The Cognitive Difficulties Scale (CDS) was developed by Kahn and McNair.
Author: Kahn, R., McNair, D.
Literature: McNair, D. M., & Kahn, R. J. Self-assessment of cognitive deficits. In T. Crook, S. Ferris, & R. Bartus (Eds.), Assessment in geriatric psychopharmacology. Mark Powley Associates. 1983.
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