Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS) Test
Understand how cognitive distortions shape thinking in schizophrenia in about 8 minutes. A 42-item scale pinpoints key bias patterns to guide care planning and track change over time.
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08:30
Scale Explorer
How the Scales are Structured
DATA-BASED USER COHORTS
Who Usually Takes This Test?
BASED ON AGGREGATED, ANONYMIZED DATA FROM TENS OF THOUSANDS OF FREUDLY USERS.
RESULTS YOU CAN ACTUALLY USE
Benchmarking
See How You Compare
Once you complete the test, your results are compared with real-world data from people in your country.
Below is a preview of how scores are typically distributed across each scale.
Below is a preview of how scores are typically distributed across each scale.
Avoidant Behavior (AB)
Average
2.4
Normal range
1.3 — 3.5
min.
0
max.
7
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Thinking Problems (TP)
Average
2.7
Normal range
1.6 — 3.8
min.
0
max.
7
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Problems Understanding Others (PUO)
Average
3
Normal range
1.9 — 4.2
min.
0
max.
7
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
External attribution (Ea)
Average
5
Normal range
3.7 — 6.2
min.
0
max.
7
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Attention to Threats (AtT)
Average
5
Normal range
3.8 — 6.2
min.
0
max.
7
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Rigidity of Beliefs (RoB)
Average
4.8
Normal range
3.7 — 5.8
min.
0
max.
7
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Hasty Conclusions (HC)
Average
2.6
Normal range
1.8 — 3.5
min.
0
max.
7
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Overall Score (OS)
Average
4.2
Normal range
3 — 5.4
min.
0
max.
7
Majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.
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CLEAR ANSWERS TO COMMON QUESTIONS
Frequently Asked Questions
What does this questionnaire measure?
It measures cognitive biases and distortions that can affect perception, interpretation, and reasoning in psychotic-spectrum conditions. Results indicate which bias patterns are most prominent.
Who is this questionnaire intended for?
It is intended for clinical assessment of individuals with schizophrenia or related conditions. It can be used to support case formulation and treatment planning.
How long does it take and what is the format?
It includes 42 items and typically takes about 8 minutes to complete. Items are answered as self-report statements reflecting everyday thinking and interpretation.
How should items be answered?
Select the response that best reflects usual thinking over a recent period, not a single unusual event. Answer all items and avoid spending excessive time on any one statement.
How are results used and interpreted?
Scores summarize the severity and profile of cognitive biases and can be monitored over time. Interpretation should be completed by a qualified clinician and considered alongside other clinical information.
WHAT THE TEST MEASURES
About This Assessment
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Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS) Test - Symptoms and Signs
This self-report measure is used to assess cognitive bias patterns relevant to psychosis-spectrum presentations. The Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS) supports a structured review of thinking and perceptual tendencies that may contribute to distress, misinterpretation of events, or symptom maintenance.
The questionnaire consists of 42 items and typically takes about 8 minutes to complete. Results are intended to inform clinical formulation and treatment planning and may be used to monitor change over time. Bibliographic source: psytests.org (2024). In clinical contexts, the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS) should be interpreted alongside diagnostic interview findings, symptom measures, and overall functional assessment rather than used as a stand-alone indicator.
Author: psytests.org (2024)
Literature: van der Gaag, M., Schütz, C., ten Napel, A., & De Hert, M. Development of the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS). Schizophrenia Research. 2013.
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