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This measure is commonly used to quickly screen for the presence and severity of depressive symptoms in clinical and primary care settings. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) asks respondents to rate how often specific symptoms have been present over the past 2 weeks.
It contains 9 items and typically takes about 2 minutes to complete. Items assess core depressive symptom domains such as anhedonia, low mood, sleep and appetite disturbance, fatigue, concentration problems, psychomotor changes, and thoughts of self-harm; responses are summed to support symptom-severity estimation and to guide need for further assessment. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is attributed to Kurt Kroenke.