Type D Personality Scale (DS14) Test

Understand stress reactions and comfort with social interaction in about 3 minutes. A quick 14 item screen that supports care planning and flags higher cardiac risk.

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Questions: 143 minutes

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08:30

October 2, 2025

October 2, 2025
Material has been updated

October 2, 2025
Material has been published

19530 views

1416 completions

1218 likes

Scale Explorer

How the Scales are Structured

example score

17/28

Social Inhibition (SI)

Measures the tendency to feel restrained and avoid open emotional expression in social interactions.

Low inhibition

Elevated inhibition

0 – 9: Low inhibition | 10 – 28: Elevated inhibition

A score of 17 falls in the Elevated inhibition range, suggesting a stronger tendency toward social restraint and difficulty expressing emotions in interpersonal situations.

example score

12/28

Negative Affectivity (NA)

Measures how often a person experiences negative emotions such as anxiety, irritability, and low mood.

Low

Elevated

0 – 9: Low | 10 – 28: Elevated

A score of 12 falls in the Elevated range, suggesting a higher-than-average tendency toward negative emotional reactions under stress.

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DATA-BASED USER COHORTS

Who Usually Takes This Test?

Cardiac patients in recovery

41%OF USERS

People with heart conditions or recent cardiac events who want to understand stress reactivity and social withdrawal that can affect recovery.

Anxious or irritable adults

34%OF USERS

Adults who often feel worried, tense, or easily upset and want a quick check of their negative emotions and coping style.

Socially inhibited individuals

25%OF USERS

People who hold back in conversations, avoid attention, or feel insecure around others and want to clarify this pattern under stress.

BASED ON AGGREGATED, ANONYMIZED DATA FROM TENS OF THOUSANDS OF FREUDLY USERS.

RESULTS YOU CAN ACTUALLY USE

What You’ll See After You Finish the Test

Scale Results
— Explained Clearly

Your scores across each test scale, translated into plain, usable insights. Not just numbers, but what they actually mean for your daily life, emotional state, and overall well-being.

AI-Powered
Interpretation

A structured, clinically grounded explanation. Our AI analyzes patterns and relationships between scales to provide a coherent interpretation — without alarmist language.

Statistical
Comparison

See how you compare to others. Your scores are placed in a statistical context, showing percentiles and trends based on anonymized platform data to help you understand what`s typical.

Practical
Recommendations

Actionable guidance tailored to your profile. Receive clear, realistic suggestions you can apply immediately — focused on coping, self-regulation, and realistic next steps.

AI-Detected
Insights

Key patterns you might not notice on your own. Surfacing subtle connections in your responses that help you better understand what may be driving your current results.

Discuss with
an AI Psychologist

Clarify, reflect, and explore right away. Talk through your outcomes, ask questions, and explore meanings in a calm, non-diagnostic dialogue environment.

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Used in 52+ countries

Benchmarking

See How You Compare

Once you finish the test, your results will be compared with real-world data from people in your country.
Below is a preview of the benchmarks we use to place your score in context.

Social Inhibition (SI)

Average

17.4

Normal range

13.4 — 21.4

min.

max.

majority

This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear here so you can see where you land.

Negative excitability (Ne)

Average

14.5

Normal range

11 — 18

min.

max.

majority

This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear here so you can see where you land.

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CLEAR ANSWERS TO COMMON QUESTIONS

Frequently Asked Questions

Any questions left?

What does this questionnaire measure?

It measures two traits: negative emotionality and social inhibition. Together, they indicate a tendency to experience distress and to hold back in social situations.

How long does it take and how many items are included?

It includes 14 statements and typically takes about 3 minutes. Responses are given by rating each statement.

How should responses be rated?

Each statement should be rated based on how well it applies in general, not based on a single event. Use the full range of the rating options and avoid overthinking.

How are results interpreted?

Scores are calculated separately for negative emotionality and social inhibition. Elevated scores on both scales are consistent with a Type D profile.

Why is this questionnaire used in health settings?

It supports rapid screening of distress-related behavioral tendencies that can affect coping and adherence. In cardiology research, this profile has been associated with poorer outcomes after cardiac events.

WHAT THE TEST MEASURES

About This Assessment

Type D Personality Scale (DS14) Test

type d behavior

This brief self-report measure is used to screen for a distressed personality profile characterized by elevated negative affectivity and social inhibition. The Type D Personality Scale (DS14) supports rapid assessment of these traits in clinical and research settings.

The questionnaire includes 14 items and typically takes about 3 minutes to complete. It was developed by Johan Denollet.

Scores from the Type D Personality Scale (DS14) may help identify individuals who report higher levels of distress and interpersonal restraint, which can be relevant to case formulation, treatment planning, and risk stratification in health psychology contexts. Interpretation should be integrated with clinical history and other assessment data rather than used as a standalone diagnostic indicator.

Author: Johan Denollet

Literature: Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. Negative affectivity: The disposition to experience aversive emotional states. Psychological Bulletin. 1984.; Denollet, J. DS14: Standard assessment of negative affectivity, social inhibition, and Type D personality. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2005.

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