Transcription and Translation Quiz
Questions: 16 · 10 minutes
1. A DNA template segment reads 3′-TAC GGA-5′. What RNA sequence would be transcribed from it?
5′-UAC GGA-3′
5′-AUG CCU-3′
3′-AUG CCU-5′
5′-ATG CCT-3′
2. What is the direct molecular product of translation?
A mature mRNA molecule
A polypeptide chain
A chain of RNA nucleotides
A duplicated DNA molecule
3. A drug prevents the ribosome from moving to the next codon after a peptide bond forms. Which stage is disrupted most directly?
Transcription initiation
Translation elongation
RNA splicing
DNA replication termination
4. What is produced directly when RNA polymerase transcribes a DNA template?
An RNA strand complementary to the DNA template
A DNA strand identical to the template
A polypeptide complementary to the DNA template
A chain of amino acids specified by tRNA anticodons
5. Using the standard genetic code, what is translated from the mRNA sequence 5′-AUG GAA UGA-3′?
Methionine–glutamate–tryptophan
Methionine–glutamate, followed by termination
Methionine–glutamate–uracil
Tyrosine–leucine, followed by a stop codon
6. A mutation weakens a promoter so that RNA polymerase binds less effectively. What is the most likely direct result?
More ribosomes attach to each mRNA
Introns are translated into amino acids
Less RNA is transcribed from the gene
The gene's DNA is converted directly into protein
7. In a typical eukaryotic cell, where does transcription of a protein-coding nuclear gene occur?
At ribosomes in the cytosol
Inside the Golgi apparatus
In the nucleus
On the outer surface of the plasma membrane
8. A gene's coding DNA strand contains 5′-ATG CCT-3′. Ignoring RNA processing, what corresponding mRNA sequence is expected?
5′-AUG CCU-3′
3′-AUG CCU-5′
5′-UAC GGA-3′
5′-ATG CCT-3′
9. Which enzyme helps preserve translation accuracy by attaching the appropriate amino acid to a tRNA?
DNA ligase
RNA polymerase
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Spliceosome
10. Why can translation begin before transcription has finished in many bacteria?
Bacterial proteins are synthesized before their genes are transcribed
Bacterial ribosomes translate DNA without requiring mRNA
Bacterial transcription takes place inside the ribosome
Bacteria lack a nuclear barrier separating the two processes
11. A bacterial cell makes a normal amount of an mRNA, but much less of its protein. Which change most directly explains this pattern?
A stronger promoter that increases transcription
A mutation that makes RNA polymerase copy the gene more often
Faster synthesis of DNA nucleotides before cell division
A mutation in the ribosome-binding site that reduces translation initiation
12. A single nucleotide is inserted near the beginning of a protein-coding sequence. If the insertion is not in a multiple of three, what is the most likely consequence?
Only the amino acid at the insertion site can change
The promoter is automatically removed
The mRNA is converted back into the original DNA sequence
The reading frame and many downstream codons can change
13. What is RNA polymerase's central role during transcription?
Joining amino acids according to an mRNA sequence
Removing introns from a newly made RNA molecule
Attaching amino acids to their corresponding tRNAs
Linking RNA nucleotides using DNA as a template
14. An mRNA codon is written 5′-AUG-3′. Which tRNA anticodon is correctly shown pairing antiparallel to it?
3′-UAC-5′
5′-UAC-3′
3′-AUG-5′
3′-TAC-5′
15. A eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains exon 1, an intron, and exon 2. What usually occurs as the RNA becomes mature mRNA?
The intron is removed and the exons are joined
The exons are removed and the intron is retained
Every uracil is replaced with thymine
The RNA is translated before any processing occurs
16. During translation, a stop codon moves into the ribosome's A site. What normally happens next?
A tRNA carrying a stop amino acid enters the A site
RNA polymerase detaches from the DNA promoter
A release factor promotes termination and release of the polypeptide
The ribosome begins copying the mRNA into DNA