Schizophrenia Test

The Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) is a schizophrenia test with 19 questions and an estimated completion time of four minutes. Its result highlights patterns across general, disorganization, negative, and positive symptoms, helping you reflect on your experiences and understand your overall symptom profile.

Questions: 194 minutes

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October 2, 2025October 2, 2025Material has been updatedOctober 2, 2025Material has been published

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Scale Explorer

How the Scales are Structured

General SymptomsGS

Assesses the severity of general, non-specific symptoms such as sleep disturbance, mood changes, anxiety, and stress-related reactions.

example score22/24

22/24Highexample score

0 – 8Low

9 – 16Moderate

17 – 24High

A score of 22 falls in the High range, indicating more pronounced general symptoms such as sleep or mood disturbance and stress-related complaints.

Degree of DisorganizationDoD

Measures the severity of disorganization-related difficulties in thinking, behavior, and concentration that can interfere with daily functioning.

example score11/24

11/24Moderateexample score

0 – 7Low

8 – 15Moderate

16 – 24High

A score of 11 falls in the Moderate range, indicating noticeable disorganization symptoms that may intermittently affect clarity of thought, organization, or attention.

Negative SymptomsNS

Assesses reductions in emotional expression, social engagement, motivation, and overall activity that can impact functioning.

example score5/36

5/36Minimalexample score

0 – 12Minimal

13 – 24Moderate

25 – 36High

A score of 5 falls in the Minimal range, indicating few or mild negative-symptom features at the time of assessment.

Positive SymptomsPS

Measures the severity of attenuated positive psychotic-like experiences such as unusual thoughts, perceptual changes, and emerging suspiciousness.

example score17/30

17/30Moderateexample score

0 – 10Low

11 – 20Moderate

21 – 30High

A score of 17 falls in the Moderate range, indicating a noticeable level of positive symptom experiences compared with lower scores.

Total ScoreTS

The total score reflects the overall severity of prodromal symptoms across positive, negative, disorganization, and general domains.

example score56/114

56/114Moderateexample score

0 – 38Low

39 – 76Moderate

77 – 114High

A total score of 56 falls in the Moderate range, indicating a mid-level overall severity of prodromal symptoms.

General SymptomsGS

Assesses the severity of nonspecific general symptoms such as sleep disturbance, mood changes, motor issues, and reduced stress tolerance.

example score2/4

2/4Moderateexample score

0 – 1Low

2 – 3Moderate

4High

A score of 2 indicates a moderate level of general symptoms with noticeable but not extreme impact.

Severity of DisorganizationSoD

Assesses the severity of disorganization symptoms affecting thinking, speech/behavior, and ability to concentrate and structure daily activities.

example score2/4

2/4Moderateexample score

0 – 1Low

2 – 3Moderate

4High

A score of 2 falls in the Moderate range, suggesting noticeable but not severe difficulties with organization, attention, or coherent thinking/behavior.

Negative SymptomsNS

Assesses reductions in motivation, social engagement, and emotional expressiveness that can reflect functional impact.

example score3/6

3/6Moderateexample score

0 – 2Low

3 – 4Moderate

5 – 6High

A score of 3 falls in the Moderate range, indicating noticeable decreases in motivation and emotional or social responsiveness.

Positive SymptomsPS

Assesses the severity of attenuated positive psychotic-like experiences such as unusual thoughts, suspiciousness, perceptual changes, and thought disturbance.

example score1/5

1/5Mildexample score

0None/Minimal

1 – 2Mild

3 – 5Moderate–Severe

A score of 1 falls in the Mild range, indicating subtle or infrequent positive-symptom experiences with low intensity.

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DATA-BASED USER COHORTS

Who Usually Takes This Test?

Early psychosis clinicians

41%OF USERS

Psychiatrists, psychologists, and early-intervention teams use it to quickly rate attenuated symptoms and decide on next steps or referrals.

At-risk young people

34%OF USERS

Teens and young adults with recent changes in thinking, perception, motivation, or functioning take it as part of an evaluation to clarify risk and severity.

Concerned families and caregivers

25%OF USERS

Parents or partners seek an assessment when they notice withdrawal, unusual beliefs, odd behavior, or worsening anxiety and sleep in someone close to them.

BASED ON AGGREGATED, ANONYMIZED DATA FROM TENS OF THOUSANDS OF FREUDLY USERS.

Benchmarking

See How You Compare

Once you complete the test, your results are compared with real-world data from people in your country.
Below is a preview of how scores are typically distributed across each scale.

Shaded area — where most people score

Dot — the average

You — your score lands on each curve after the test— your score, after the test

General SymptomsGS

You?

Average7.5

Typical rangeTypical4.6 – 10.4

Possible0 – 24

Degree of disorganizationDod

You?

Average17.8

Typical rangeTypical13.6 – 22

Possible0 – 24

Negative SymptomsNS

You?

Average11.5

Typical rangeTypical6.8 – 16.2

Possible0 – 36

Positive symptomsPs

You?

Average18.7

Typical rangeTypical14.1 – 23.2

Possible0 – 30

Total scoreTs

You?

Average85

Typical rangeTypical66.2 – 103.9

Possible0 – 114

General SymptomsGS

You?

Average2.8

Typical rangeTypical2.3 – 3.3

Possible0 – 4

Degree of disorganizationDod

You?

Average2.6

Typical rangeTypical2.1 – 3.1

Possible0 – 4

Negative symptomsNs

You?

Average1.9

Typical rangeTypical0.9 – 2.9

Possible0 – 6

Positive symptomsPs

You?

Average3.2

Typical rangeTypical2.5 – 3.8

Possible0 – 5

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SAMPLE QUESTIONS

Example Questions From the Test

The questionnaire is completed by a clinician based on the results of a clinical interview and observations of the patient.

- Absent.
- Questionable: unexpected thoughts, feelings, or movements that draw attention but pass quickly.
- Mild: unusual experiences causing puzzlement; a sense that something has changed.
- Moderate: unexpected thought disturbances/ideas that do not go unnoticed and cause tension and anxiety; the sense of an unusual mental experience is more distinct and longer-lasting.
- Marked: a sense that the experiences are imposed from outside or that pathological beliefs are real, with insight preserved.
- Severe but not psychotic level: preoccupation with ideas of external control, with doubts about the reality of the experiences (in contrast to the premorbid state or after reassurance from others).
- Severe and psychotic level: delusional experiences that are not amenable to correction, at least intermittent, that determine behavior and influence thinking and social relationships.
- Absent
- Questionable: guardedness
- Mild: doubts about personal safety; excessive vigilance without identifying a source of danger
- Moderate: sense that others are behaving in a hostile way; confusion about what is happening and mistrust
- Marked: transient ideas of being watched or singled out; beliefs pass quickly; cause anxiety and suspiciousness
- Severe (non-psychotic level): preoccupation with ideas of danger; conviction of being the focus of hostile attention; at times overt suspiciousness, but overall behavior changes minimally; insight may be incomplete, but without clear conviction
- Severe (psychotic level): paranoid ideas, at least intermittent, that determine behavior
- Absent
- Questionable: feelings of superiority over others
- Mild: ideas of being talented or exceptional; sense of superiority is retained
- Moderate: feeling of having special power or abilities; occasional expansiveness
- Marked: unstable, quickly passing ideas of special power or wealth
- Severe, non-psychotic level: conviction of unnaturally high intelligence, personal attractiveness, strength, or popularity; insight may be incomplete, but the beliefs do not influence behavior
- Severe, psychotic level: delusional grandiose beliefs, at least intermittent, that determine behavior

These are 3 of the 19 real questions — the rest appear in the test. No sign-up needed to start.

WHAT THE TEST MEASURES

Schizophrenia Test - Description and methodology of the test

psychopathology

schizophrenia

People who notice unusual changes in perception, thinking, motivation, mood, or everyday functioning may use this schizophrenia test to organise what they are experiencing. An online assessment for schizophrenia can provide a structured result that helps someone decide whether current experiences warrant closer attention, without reducing complex experiences to a forced yes-or-no label.

What This Assessment Explores

Changes in perception, thinking, motivation, emotion, social connection, and daily functioning are mapped across symptom dimensions. The profile does not distinguish diagnoses; higher total scores may indicate greater risk of developing psychotic disorders.

It covers beliefs, perception, initiative, concentration, sleep, mood, stress tolerance, withdrawal, emotional expression, and role functioning. This prodromal symptom assessment displays:

General Symptoms (0-24) captures sleep, mood, motor, and stress responses: Low 0-8; Moderate 9-16; High 17-24.
Degree of Disorganization (0-24) captures thinking, behavior, and attention difficulties: Low 0-7; Moderate 8-15; High 16-24.
Negative Symptoms (0-36) reflects reduced motivation, emotional responsiveness, and social activity: Minimal 0-12; Moderate 13-24; High 25-36.
Positive Symptoms (0-30) captures unusual thoughts, suspiciousness, perceptual changes, and thought disorder: Low 0-10; Moderate 11-20; High 21-30.
Total Score (0-114) summarizes prodromal symptom severity: Low 0-38; Moderate 39-76; High 77-114.

Methodology and Scientific Basis

Each item uses ordered choices from 0, absent, through progressively greater severity. The anchors distinguish intensity, persistence, insight, and interference with daily functioning. Ratings are combined into domain totals and a total score; displayed bands classify ranges, not percentages or probabilities.

The Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) is a clinician-rated scale used within or alongside SIPS, the related prodromal-syndrome interview. Miller and colleagues (1999) described its symptom framework; Miller and colleagues (2003) examined predictive validity, interrater agreement, and training, while Hawkins and colleagues (2004) examined statistical grouping of SOPS items. The online self-report format lacks clinician probing, observation, and interviewer-rated administration. The cited evidence concerns source SOPS administration and does not establish norms or psychometric validation for this version.

For readers considering whether early psychosis symptoms warrant closer attention, the result is a structured snapshot of current self-reported experiences, rather than an answer about identity or diagnosis. Sleep loss, depression, anxiety, trauma, substance use, medical conditions, current stress, and limited self-awareness can influence responses, so the profile needs broader context.

Author: Scott W. Woods, Thomas H. McGlashan

Literature:

Miller, T. J., McGlashan, T. H., Woods, S. W., Stein, K., Driesen, N., Corcoran, C. M., Hoffman, R., and Davidson, L. “Symptom assessment in schizophrenic prodromal states.” Psychiatric Quarterly, 70(4), 273-287 (1999). 10.1023/A:1022034115078
Miller, T. J., McGlashan, T. H., Rosen, J. L., Cadenhead, K., Cannon, T., Ventura, J., McFarlane, W., Perkins, D. O., Pearlson, G. D., and Woods, S. W. “Prodromal assessment with the structured interview for prodromal syndromes and the scale of prodromal symptoms: Predictive validity, interrater reliability, and training to reliability.” Schizophrenia Bulletin, 29(4), 703-715 (2003). 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007040
Hawkins, K. A., McGlashan, T. H., Quinlan, D., Miller, T. J., Perkins, D. O., Zipursky, R. B., Addington, J., and Woods, S. W. “Factorial structure of the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms.” Schizophrenia Research, 68(2-3), 339-347 (2004). 10.1016/S0920-9964(03)00053-7

Updated: 2025-10-02