Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale, RWA-88 Test - the question form
Questions: 30 · 6 minutes
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1. To fix what is going on in our country, we clearly need the influence of a strong leader; it is time to bring all troublemakers, criminals, and perverts to order.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
2. It is a good thing that young people today have a lot of freedom to protest against things they do not like and to “do their own thing.”
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Moderately disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Moderately agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
3. It is always better to trust the judgment of authoritative government officials than to listen to the empty talk of those who try to sow doubt in people’s minds.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
4. People should pay less attention to the Bible and other traditional sources of religious guidance and instead develop their own standards of what is moral and immoral.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
5. It would be better for everyone if authorities censored all magazines and movies to some extent to prevent immoral material from getting into the hands of young people.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
6. Some may say this is old-fashioned, but a respectable appearance is a hallmark of a true gentleman and, especially, a lady.
1 (−4) Strongly disagree
2 (−3) Disagree
3 (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 (−1) Slightly disagree
5 (0) Neutral
6 (+1) Slightly agree
7 (+2) Somewhat agree
8 (+3) Agree
9 (+4) Strongly agree
7. The sooner we get rid of the traditional family structure—where the father is the head of the family and children are raised to show unquestioning obedience to authority—the better; there is a lot wrong with the traditional family.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
8. There is nothing wrong with sex before marriage.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
9. The increase in crime, sexual permissiveness, and the breakdown of public order clearly show that we need to be much tougher on troublemakers, agitators, and deviant groups if we want to preserve our morality, law, and order.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
10. There is nothing sick or immoral about homosexuality.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Disagree somewhat
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
11. The rights of minorities and radicals need to be fully protected.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
12. Obedience to and respect for authority are the most important things children should learn.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
13. Laws requiring people to have "good manners" and be respectable are outdated; we should think carefully before adopting such rules.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
14. When government leaders condemn people who are dangerous to society, it is every patriotic citizen’s duty to help the authorities root out the evil that is eating away at our country from within.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
15. Freedom of speech means that it should be allowed to give speeches and write books calling for the overthrow of the government.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
16. The very worst people in our country are those who do not respect our flag, our politicians, and our traditions.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
17. In these complicated times, strict laws are needed—especially to deal with people who try to rebel against the authorities.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
18. Atheists and those who do not follow traditional religion are no worse than those who attend church regularly.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Moderately agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
19. Young people sometimes have rebellious ideas, but as they grow up they should outgrow them and settle down.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Moderately disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Moderately agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
20. Overconfident “law and order” authorities are a much greater threat to freedom in our country than those they call “radicals” and “godless” people.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Moderately disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Moderately agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
21. Our judicial system is right to be lenient toward drug addicts. Punishment in such cases does no good.
1 (−4) Strongly disagree
2 (−3) Disagree
3 (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 (−1) Slightly disagree
5 (0) Neutral
6 (+1) Slightly agree
7 (+2) Somewhat agree
8 (+3) Agree
9 (+4) Strongly agree
22. If a child stops respecting authority and behaving properly, it is the parents’ job to set the child back on the right path.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
23. People in authority—whether parents or national leaders—ultimately turn out to be right; those who try to protest do not really know what they want.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
24. Many of our rules about modesty or sexual behavior are simply customs, and are no better than those other people follow.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Moderately disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Moderately agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
25. There is absolutely nothing wrong with nude beaches.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
26. To live a truly good life, it is necessary to be obedient, be disciplined, and try to follow generally accepted standards of behavior.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
27. It is always better to approach people who think differently with interest, because new ideas are the key to progressive change.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
28. The main threat to our freedom comes from those who are trying to impose on us a way of life that is alien to us, destroy our religion, ridicule our patriotism, and undermine our traditional way of life.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
29. Students should be encouraged to challenge and criticize the customs and traditions of the society they live in.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Disagree somewhat
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Agree somewhat
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
30. One reason we have so many rebels and troublemakers is that parents and teachers have forgotten that good old-fashioned physical punishment is one of the best ways to get people to behave properly.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Moderately disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Moderately agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
1. To fix what is happening in our country, we definitely need a “strong hand”; it is time to bring all troublemakers, criminals, and sexual deviants to order.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
2. It is good that young people today have a lot of freedom to protest against things they do not like and to do their own thing.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
3. It is always better to trust the opinions of authoritative government officials than to listen to the empty talk of those who try to plant doubts in people’s minds.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
4. People should pay less attention to the Bible and other traditional sources of religious wisdom and instead develop their own standards of what is moral and immoral.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
5. It would be better for everyone if authorities censored all magazines and movies to some extent, to keep immoral material out of young people's hands.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
6. Some may say it is old-fashioned, but looking respectable is a hallmark of a true gentleman and, especially, a true lady.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Moderately disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Moderately agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
7. The sooner we get rid of the traditional family structure, with the father as the head and children being raised to obey authority without question, the better; there is a lot wrong with the traditional family.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
8. There is nothing wrong with premarital sex.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
9. The rise in crime, sexual permissiveness, and the breakdown of public order clearly show that we should be much tougher on troublemakers, agitators, and members of deviant groups if we want to preserve our morality and maintain law and order.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
10. There is nothing sick or immoral about homosexuality.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Moderately disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Moderately agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
11. The rights of minorities and radicals must be fully protected.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
12. Obedience to and respect for authorities are the most important things children should learn.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
13. Laws requiring “good manners” and respectability are outdated; we should think carefully before adopting such rules.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
14. When government officials condemn people who are dangerous to society, it is the duty of every patriotic citizen to help the authorities root out the evil that is eating away at our country from within.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
15. “Freedom of speech” means that people should be allowed to give speeches and write books calling for the overthrow of the government.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
16. The worst people in our country are those who do not respect our flag, our politicians, and our traditions.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
17. In these difficult times, strict laws are needed, especially for those who try to rebel against the authorities.
1 (−4) Strongly disagree
2 (−3) Disagree
3 (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 (−1) Slightly disagree
5 (0) Neutral
6 (+1) Slightly agree
7 (+2) Somewhat agree
8 (+3) Agree
9 (+4) Strongly agree
18. Atheists and people who do not follow a traditional religion are no worse than those who regularly attend church.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
19. Young people may sometimes have rebellious ideas, but as they grow up they should outgrow them and settle down.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
20. Self-righteous “law and order” authorities threaten freedom in our country far more than those they call “radicals” and “atheists.”
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
21. People in our justice system are right to be lenient with people who use drugs. Punishment in such cases is not helpful.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
22. If a child stops respecting authority and behaving properly, it is the parents’ job to set the child back on the right path.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Moderately disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Moderately agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
23. People in authority—whether parents or national leaders—turn out to be right in the end; those who try to protest usually do not really know what they want.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Moderately disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Moderately agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
24. Many of our rules about modesty or sexual behavior are simply customs, and are no better than those other people follow.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
25. There is absolutely nothing wrong with nude beaches.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
26. To live a truly good life, people must learn to obey, be disciplined, and try to follow generally accepted standards of behavior.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
27. It is always best to approach people with different views with interest, because new ideas are the key to progressive change.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
28. The main threat to our freedom comes from those who are trying to impose on us a way of life that is alien to us, destroy our religion, ridicule our patriotism, and undermine our traditional way of life.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
29. Students and schoolchildren should be encouraged to question and challenge the customs and traditions of the society they live in.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree
30. One reason we have so many rebels and troublemakers is that parents and teachers have forgotten that good old-fashioned physical punishment is one of the best ways to get people to behave properly.
1 – (−4) Strongly disagree
2 – (−3) Disagree
3 – (−2) Somewhat disagree
4 – (−1) Slightly disagree
5 – (0) Neutral
6 – (+1) Slightly agree
7 – (+2) Somewhat agree
8 – (+3) Agree
9 – (+4) Strongly agree