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Reflective Assessment of Potential Individual Victimization

Reflective Assessment of Potential Individual Victimization Test

Understand how vulnerable someone may be to victimization across situations in about 7 minutes. Get clear insights to guide prevention, conflict reduction, and more targeted support.

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Questions: 367 minutes

Hi! My name is Freudly, i am an AI therapist, I will give you an interpretation of the test after you complete it.

08:30

October 2, 2025

October 2, 2025
Material has been updated

October 2, 2025
Material has been published

22,773 views

1,838 completions

1,588 likes

Verified by Daniel Hall

Psychologist with 25 years of experience

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How the Scales are Structured

example score

174/240

Potential Individual Victimization (PIV)

Measures a person’s tendency toward potential victimization, reflecting how likely they are to become a victim across various situations.

Low

Moderate

High

72 – 132: Low | 133 – 165: Moderate | 166 – 240: High

A score of 174 falls in the High range, suggesting a relatively elevated predisposition to becoming involved in risky, unpleasant, or victim-like situations.

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DATA-BASED USER COHORTS

Who Usually Takes This Test?

People feeling unsafe

41%OF USERS

They take it to understand why they often end up in risky or uncomfortable situations and what habits increase their vulnerability.

Counselors and psychologists

34%OF USERS

They use it to assess a client’s victimization tendencies and plan targeted support or prevention strategies.

Career and HR clients

25%OF USERS

They take it for career counseling and workplace conflict prevention, especially when stress or interpersonal tensions are frequent.

BASED ON AGGREGATED, ANONYMIZED DATA FROM TENS OF THOUSANDS OF FREUDLY USERS.

RESULTS YOU CAN ACTUALLY USE

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Used in 52+ countries

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See How You Compare

Once you complete the test, your results are compared with real-world data from people in your country.
Below is a preview of how scores are typically distributed across each scale.

Assessment of Potential Individual Victimization (AoPIV)

Average

157.4

Normal range

129.2 — 185.6

min.

max.

240

Majority

This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear on the scale so you can see how you compare.

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CLEAR ANSWERS TO COMMON QUESTIONS

Frequently Asked Questions

What does this questionnaire measure?

It estimates vulnerability to becoming a victim across common social and situational contexts. It focuses on patterns of risk perception and typical responses to potential threat.

How long does it take and how many items are included?

Completion time is typically about 7 minutes. The questionnaire includes 36 items.

How should items be answered?

Select the response that best matches typical behavior and reactions. Answer all items and avoid overthinking single statements.

How are results interpreted?

Scores indicate relative levels of victimization proneness and related reaction patterns. Results are best interpreted by a qualified specialist and considered alongside other assessment information.

Can this questionnaire be used with other measures?

It is often administered with a reflexivity measure to examine how reflective thinking relates to victimization proneness. Combined results can be used to classify profiles across multiple reflexivity–victimization patterns.

WHAT THE TEST MEASURES

About This Assessment

Reflective Evaluation of Potential Individual Victimization Test

Reflective Assessment of Potential Individual Victimization Test - Symptoms and Signs

victimhood

This self-report measure is intended to support a structured appraisal of perceived susceptibility to victimization across situations. Reflective Assessment of Potential Individual Victimization provides item-based information about how an individual appraises risk, vulnerability, and related responses. Authors: Delroy L. Paulhus and Mark R. Leary.

The questionnaire consists of 36 items and typically takes about 7 minutes to complete. Results are generally interpreted as indicators of perceived victimization potential and may be considered alongside other clinical data (e.g., interview findings, contextual stressors, and relevant personality measures) to inform case formulation. Reflective Assessment of Potential Individual Victimization is not a diagnostic instrument and should be used within the limits of self-report and the assessment context.

Author: Delroy L. Paulhus, Mark R. Leary

Literature: Finkelhor, D., & Asdigian, N. L. Risk factors for youth victimization: A review of the literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior. 1996.

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