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Parental Attitudes Questionnaire in Families With a Child With Special Needs Test

Understand your parenting attitudes and interaction style when raising a child with special needs in about 6 minutes. Get clear insights to guide supportive plans and build stronger, healthier family dynamics.
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Questions: 306 minutes
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08:30
October 2, 2025
October 2, 2025
Material has been updated
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How the Scales are Structured
example score
57/100
Parental Attitudes in Families With a Child With Special Needs (PAiFWaCWSN)
Assesses the overall pattern of parental emotional acceptance and behavioral approach (control vs autonomy) toward a child with special needs.
More strained
Mixed / variable
More supportive
0 – 33: More strained | 34 – 66: Mixed / variable | 67 – 100: More supportive
A score of 57 falls in the Mixed / variable range, suggesting a generally moderate parental attitude with some areas of both acceptance/support and potential tension or inconsistency in interaction.
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DATA-BASED USER COHORTS
Who Usually Takes This Test?
Parents of special needs kids
46%OF USERS
Mothers and fathers take it to better understand their feelings toward their child and whether their everyday approach leans toward overprotection or fostering independence.
Family psychologists and counselors
34%OF USERS
Specialists use it to quickly assess parental attitudes and plan targeted support and interventions for the whole family.
Educators and support staff
20%OF USERS
Teachers, special educators, and social workers take it to understand family dynamics that may affect the child’s learning, behavior, and well-being.
BASED ON AGGREGATED, ANONYMIZED DATA FROM TENS OF THOUSANDS OF FREUDLY USERS.
RESULTS YOU CAN ACTUALLY USE
What You’ll See After You Finish the Test
Scale Results
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Comparison
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Actionable guidance tailored to your profile. Receive clear, realistic suggestions you can apply immediately — focused on coping, self-regulation, and realistic next steps.
AI-Detected
Insights
Key patterns you might not notice on your own. Surfacing subtle connections in your responses that help you better understand what may be driving your current results.
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Clarify, reflect, and explore right away. Talk through your outcomes, ask questions, and explore meanings in a calm, non-diagnostic dialogue environment.
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Used in 52+ countries
Benchmarking
See How You Compare
Once you finish the test, your results will be compared with real-world data from people in your country.
Below is a preview of the benchmarks we use to place your score in context.
Questionnaire on Parental Attitudes in Families with a Special-Needs Child (QoPAiFwaSC)
Average
63.7
Normal range
51.2 — 76.2
min.
0
max.
100
majority
This curve shows how scores are typically distributed.
Once you complete the test, your result will appear here so you can see where you land.
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CLEAR ANSWERS TO COMMON QUESTIONS
Frequently Asked Questions

Any questions left?

What does this questionnaire measure?
It assesses parental attitudes in families raising a child with special needs. It focuses on emotional acceptance or rejection and on behavioral patterns such as control versus support for independence.
Who should complete the questionnaire?
It is intended for a parent or primary caregiver who is regularly involved in the child’s daily care. Each caregiver should complete a separate form when both are participating.
How long does it take and how many items are included?
It includes 30 items and typically takes about 6 minutes to complete. Items are answered by selecting the response that best matches usual thoughts and actions.
How should responses be selected?
Select the option that best reflects typical attitudes and behavior over time, not isolated events. If unsure, choose the response that most often applies.
How are results used?
Results help identify patterns that may affect family interactions, stress, and the child’s adjustment. They are used to guide clinical discussions and to plan supportive interventions when needed.
WHAT THE TEST MEASURES
About This Assessment
Questionnaire on Parental Attitudes in Families with a Special Needs Child Test

Parental Attitudes Questionnaire in Families With a Child With Special Needs Test

special childfamily

This measure is intended to assess parental attitudes and interaction patterns in families raising a child with special needs. The Parental Attitudes Questionnaire in Families With a Child With Special Needs is a self-report instrument that can help clinicians identify emotionally and behaviorally relevant dimensions of the parent–child relationship.

The questionnaire includes 30 items and typically takes about 6 minutes to complete. Items are designed to characterize the parent’s emotional stance (e.g., acceptance versus rejection) and behavioral orientation (e.g., monitoring and control versus support for autonomy), which may inform case formulation, treatment planning, and family support services.

The Parental Attitudes Questionnaire in Families With a Child With Special Needs has been attributed to E. M. Cummings and M. E. Lamb and is generally interpreted in conjunction with clinical interview data and other sources of information.

Author: E. M. Cummings, M. E. Lamb
Literature: Hastings, R. P., & Brown, T. Parental stress and coping in families of children with disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. 2002.
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