Kidney Anatomy Quiz
Questions: 16 · 10 minutes
1. A blood vessel is carrying blood directly into a glomerular capillary tuft. Which vessel is it?
Interlobar artery
Afferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole
Peritubular capillary
2. Which sequence correctly follows urine from the calyces toward the urinary bladder?
Major calyx → minor calyx → renal pelvis → ureter
Renal pelvis → minor calyx → major calyx → ureter
Minor calyx → renal pelvis → major calyx → ureter
Minor calyx → major calyx → renal pelvis → ureter
3. During dissection, which tough connective-tissue layer would be found directly adhering to the kidney's outer surface?
Renal fascia
Fibrous renal capsule
Pararenal fat
Perirenal fat
4. A sectioned kidney shows bands of cortical tissue extending between adjacent renal pyramids. What are these bands called?
Renal papillae
Medullary rays
Renal columns
Major calyces
5. Urine leaves a renal papilla at the tip of a pyramid. Which structure does it enter first?
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal pelvis
Ureter
6. What is the kidney's microscopic structural and functional unit?
Minor calyx
Renal pyramid
Nephron
Renal column
7. The triangular or cone-shaped structures that make up much of the renal medulla are called what?
Renal columns
Major calyces
Renal corpuscles
Renal pyramids
8. Which kidney region lies immediately beneath the fibrous capsule and extends between the renal pyramids?
Renal pelvis
Renal medulla
Renal sinus
Renal cortex
9. A microscope image shows a capillary tuft enclosed by a cup-shaped capsule. Which two structures form this renal corpuscle?
The collecting duct and renal papilla
The proximal tubule and nephron loop
The glomerulus and glomerular capsule
The distal tubule and peritubular capillaries
10. A histology section shows the macula densa where a tubule passes close to the arteriole entering its own glomerulus. Which relationship is being observed?
The thin nephron loop beside the renal vein
The proximal convoluted tubule beside the efferent arteriole
The collecting duct beside the renal papilla
The distal convoluted tubule beside the afferent arteriole
11. Which nephron segment travels from the cortex into the medulla and then turns back toward the cortex?
Nephron loop
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Glomerular capsule
12. After fluid enters the glomerular capsule, which sequence correctly traces its path through the main nephron tubule segments?
Proximal convoluted tubule → nephron loop → distal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule → proximal convoluted tubule → nephron loop
Nephron loop → distal convoluted tubule → proximal convoluted tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule → distal convoluted tubule → nephron loop
13. A tubule in the renal cortex has a prominent brush border and is the first tubular segment after the renal corpuscle. Which structure is it?
Distal convoluted tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Thin ascending limb
14. When comparing normal kidney positions, which statement is generally correct?
The right kidney lies higher because it is supported by the liver
Both kidneys normally occupy exactly the same vertical level
The right kidney lies slightly lower because of the liver
The left kidney lies lower because of the spleen
15. Which term names the medial indentation where the renal vessels, nerves, lymphatics, and ureter enter or leave the kidney?
Renal papilla
Renal hilum
Renal column
Renal sinus
16. Which vessel carries blood away from the glomerulus before giving rise to peritubular capillaries or the vasa recta?
Efferent arteriole
Afferent arteriole
Arcuate artery
Renal vein