Excretory System Quiz
Questions: 16 · 10 minutes
1. What is the main urinary function of the bladder?
Filtering water and small solutes from blood
Temporarily storing urine before it is expelled
Adjusting blood pH by secreting hydrogen ions
Carrying urine from each kidney toward the pelvis
2. What is the kidneys' primary role in the human excretory system?
Filtering blood, regulating its composition, and forming urine
Storing urine until it can leave the body
Producing digestive enzymes for the small intestine
Exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood
3. A dialysis membrane allows urea and excess ions to cross but retains blood cells and large proteins. Which kidney process does this most closely resemble?
Hormone release by the adrenal glands
Urine storage in the bladder
Urine propulsion through the ureters
Selective filtration at the glomerulus
4. Which structure carries urine from a kidney to the urinary bladder?
Ureter
Urethra
Renal vein
Collecting duct
5. Glucose enters the nephron filtrate in a healthy person. What normally happens to most or all of it?
It remains in the filtrate and becomes a major component of urine
It is converted into urea inside the collecting duct
It is reabsorbed, mainly in the proximal convoluted tubule
It is stored in Bowman's capsule until blood glucose falls
6. A stone completely blocks one ureter. What is the most direct consequence of the blockage?
The affected kidney can no longer receive blood from the renal artery
The bladder can no longer send urine through the urethra
Urine can back up toward the affected kidney
Both kidneys immediately stop filtering blood
7. Which blood vessel delivers blood directly into a glomerulus?
Renal vein
Afferent arteriole
Peritubular capillary
Efferent arteriole
8. A molecule of urea has just entered Bowman's capsule. Which route correctly lists the next major nephron structures it would encounter?
Collecting duct → proximal tubule → loop of Henle → distal tubule
Proximal tubule → loop of Henle → distal tubule → collecting duct
Loop of Henle → proximal tubule → collecting duct → distal tubule
Distal tubule → loop of Henle → proximal tubule → collecting duct
9. A rise in aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in parts of the nephron. What is a likely accompanying effect?
More plasma proteins enter the filtrate
The bladder produces more dilute filtrate
The kidneys stop secreting potassium
Water retention tends to increase as sodium is retained
10. Which description best matches the descending limb of the loop of Henle?
It stores urine before urination
It filters blood cells and large proteins from plasma
It allows water to leave the tubule more readily than salts
It carries freshly oxygenated blood into the nephron
11. During renal filtration, fluid moves from the glomerular capillaries directly into which structure?
Renal pelvis
Loop of Henle
Bowman's capsule
Urinary bladder
12. What excretory function does the liver perform in processing nitrogenous waste?
It filters urea into Bowman's capsule
It stores ammonia in the gallbladder
It changes urea into reusable amino acids
It converts toxic ammonia into urea
13. If a person metabolizes more amino acids than usual, production of which nitrogenous waste will generally increase?
Urea
Bile pigments
Carbon dioxide only
Glycogen
14. How do the lungs contribute to excretion?
They convert ammonia into urea
They remove carbon dioxide and water vapor from the body
They filter urea directly from the blood
They store excess salts before sweating
15. Compared with blood in the renal artery, blood leaving a normally functioning kidney through the renal vein generally contains what?
Less urea because some has been removed into the filtrate
More urine because urine enters the vein
No water because all water is filtered out
More urea because the kidney produces it
16. After several hours without water, a person's body releases more antidiuretic hormone (ADH). What response should follow?
The bladder reabsorbs more salts from stored urine
The glomeruli stop filtering blood completely
The ureters transport urine more rapidly to increase water loss
The collecting ducts reabsorb more water, producing more concentrated urine