Bone Tissue Quiz

1. A surgeon exposes the tough, vascular membrane covering the outside of a bone away from its articular surface. Which structure has been exposed?

2. Which mature bone cell is normally found within a lacuna?

3. A child's long bone increases in length as cartilage at the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone. Which formation process drives this growth?

4. Within an osteon, what is the name for one ring-shaped layer of matrix surrounding the central canal?

5. At a healing fracture surface, cells are actively secreting new osteoid. Which cells are performing this task?

6. A bone specimen is treated with acid that removes most of its mineral salts while leaving much of its collagen framework. How should the specimen change?

7. During bone remodeling, a large multinucleated cell creates a shallow resorption pit. Which cell is it?

8. Most flat bones of the skull begin forming directly within embryonic connective tissue rather than replacing a cartilage model. Which process is this?

9. Which bone-matrix component primarily gives bone its hardness and resistance to compression?

10. A needle passes through the thin branching struts that form the lattice of spongy bone. What are those struts called?

11. A histology field shows concentric layers of bone matrix arranged around a central canal. What complete structural unit is being identified?

12. A blood vessel enters from the periosteum and travels across the long axis of nearby osteons, linking their central canals. Which passage contains it?

13. What are the tiny channels that connect lacunae and allow osteocytes to exchange materials called?

14. What term identifies the newly secreted, unmineralized organic matrix produced during bone formation?

15. Which thin cellular membrane lines the medullary cavity and covers the internal surfaces of trabeculae?

16. The wall of a long bone's shaft must resist bending while remaining densely organized. Which tissue forms most of this wall?