Blood Basics Quiz
Questions: 16 · 10 minutes
1. Which substance inside red blood cells binds most of the oxygen carried in the bloodstream?
Fibrin
Albumin
Hemoglobin
Insulin
2. A person becomes dehydrated, reducing plasma volume while the number of red blood cells initially stays the same. What is the most likely immediate effect on hematocrit?
It falls because each red blood cell loses hemoglobin
It becomes zero until fluid is replaced
It stays fixed because hematocrit does not depend on plasma volume
It rises because red blood cells occupy a larger proportion of the remaining blood volume
3. During endochondral ossification, bone develops by gradually replacing which initial model?
A hyaline cartilage model
A blood-clot model
A tendon model
A skeletal-muscle model
4. After a fracture hematoma forms and repair progresses normally, which transition occurs as the fracture becomes more stable?
Compact bone changes permanently into cartilage
The growth plate expands across the fracture gap
A soft fibrocartilaginous callus is replaced by a harder bony callus
Red marrow becomes the final outer covering of the bone
5. A child has a serious injury to the growth plate near the end of a long bone. Which aspect of development is most directly at risk?
Lengthwise growth of that long bone
Clot formation throughout the body
Formation of every flat bone in the skull
Production of antibodies in the spleen
6. In a healthy adult, where does most ongoing production of blood cells occur?
Yellow bone marrow
Red bone marrow
Articular cartilage
The periosteum alone
7. A growing long bone is increasing in diameter rather than length. Which process most directly produces this change?
Cartilage division within the articular surface
Blood-cell production in the medullary cavity
Appositional growth through new bone deposition near the periosteal surface
Expansion of the epiphyseal plate toward the joint
8. A small blood vessel is cut. Which blood component first forms a temporary plug at the damaged site?
Platelets
Plasma proteins as a group
Red blood cells
Bone marrow cells
9. Mature human red blood cells have a biconcave shape and lack a nucleus. How does this suit their main function?
It allows them to divide rapidly inside blood vessels
It provides space for hemoglobin and supports efficient gas exchange and flexibility
It lets them create fibrin at an injury site
It enables them to produce antibodies against pathogens
10. Blood leaving the right ventricle on its way to the lungs travels first through which vessel?
The pulmonary vein
The pulmonary artery
The aorta
The superior vena cava
11. A flat skull bone forms without first using a cartilage model. Which process best explains its development?
Bone develops directly within a fibrous connective-tissue membrane
Cartilage expands and remains as the adult bone
Bone replaces calcified tendon through remodeling
Yellow marrow hardens into compact bone
12. Considering the ABO system only, which red-cell types can usually be given to a recipient with type A blood?
Type B only
Types AB and O
Types A, B, AB, and O
Types A and O
13. A bacterial infection activates the blood’s cellular immune defenses. Which formed element is chiefly involved?
Platelets
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma
14. During normal bone remodeling, which cell breaks down and resorbs old bone tissue?
Osteoblast
Fibrocyte
Platelet
Osteoclast
15. Which bone cell builds new bone by producing and depositing bone matrix?
Erythrocyte
Osteoclast
Chondrocyte
Osteoblast
16. Which component makes up the liquid medium in which blood cells and dissolved substances are transported?
Serum
Plasma
Lymph
Interstitial fluid