Stomach Anatomy Quiz
Questions: 16 · 10 minutes
1. A student is asked to classify the stomach by its relationship to the peritoneum. Which description is most accurate?
It is intraperitoneal and largely covered by visceral peritoneum
It is secondarily retroperitoneal
It is extraperitoneal and covered by adventitia
It is primarily retroperitoneal
2. A visible notch along the lesser curvature helps mark the transition from the body to the pyloric part. What is this landmark called?
Duodenojejunal flexure
Cardiac notch
Pyloric orifice
Incisura angularis
3. Unlike most of the digestive tract, the stomach’s muscularis externa has an additional layer that helps churn its contents. Which layer is distinctive?
Outer longitudinal layer
Middle circular layer
Inner oblique layer
Muscularis mucosae
4. A narrowing at the stomach’s distal outlet is obstructing the passage of contents into the duodenum. Which structure is located at this outlet?
Cardiac orifice
Ileocecal valve
Major duodenal papilla
Pyloric sphincter
5. Imaging shows widening in the broader, proximal subdivision of the pyloric part, before it narrows into the pyloric canal. Which region is widened?
Gastric fundus
Pyloric antrum
Gastric cardia
Duodenal bulb
6. After passing through the esophageal plexus, which paired neural structures carry parasympathetic fibers onto the stomach?
Greater and lesser splanchnic nerves
Right and left phrenic nerves
Anterior and posterior vagal trunks
Lumbar sympathetic trunks
7. During surgery, a clinician identifies the stomach’s long, convex lateral border. Which structure is this?
Greater curvature
Lesser curvature
Incisura angularis
Pyloric canal
8. A surgeon lifts the liver to inspect the peritoneal fold connecting it to the stomach’s lesser curvature. Which fold is being examined?
Lesser omentum
Greater omentum
Gastrosplenic ligament
Falciform ligament
9. Which sequence correctly lists the principal stomach-wall layers from the lumen outward?
Mucosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, adventitia
Submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscularis externa
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
Serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa
10. Through which opening does the esophagus communicate directly with the stomach?
Cardial orifice
Pyloric orifice
Esophageal hiatus
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
11. An empty stomach can contract substantially because its mucosa and submucosa form temporary internal folds. What are these folds called?
Villi
Rugae
Plicae circulares
Taeniae coli
12. Which artery typically arises from the celiac trunk and travels toward the cardia before following the lesser curvature?
Short gastric artery
Left gastric artery
Right gastro-omental artery
Left gastro-omental artery
13. Under magnification, a student sees small surface openings in the gastric mucosa that lead into gastric glands. What are these openings called?
Intestinal crypts
Lymphatic lacteals
Gastric pits
Duodenal papillae
14. On an upright radiograph, swallowed gas collects in the highest dome-shaped part of the stomach beneath the left diaphragm. Which region contains this gas bubble?
Pyloric canal
Cardia
Pyloric antrum
Fundus
15. A lesion lies directly posterior to the stomach and is separated from it by the lesser sac. Which organ is most likely involved?
Left lobe of the liver
Gallbladder
Jejunum
Pancreas
16. Which region of the stomach surrounds the opening where the esophagus enters?
Fundus
Cardia
Body
Pyloric antrum