Chapter 6 Psychology Quiz

1. A salesperson receives a bonus after an unpredictable number of successful sales. Which reinforcement schedule is being used?

2. After watching an older sibling calmly assemble a model, a child copies the same sequence of actions. Which type of learning is most directly demonstrated?

3. After repeated exposure to unavoidable unpleasant noise, an animal later fails to escape when escape becomes possible. Which concept best accounts for this behavior?

4. After an extinguished conditioned response has not been tested for several days, it briefly returns when the conditioned stimulus appears. This is:

5. During several trials, a tone is followed by food, and a dog gradually begins salivating when the tone sounds. What is this initial learning phase called?

6. To teach a dog to roll over, a trainer first rewards lying down, then turning onto one side, and finally completing the roll. This method is called:

7. In classical conditioning, what does a previously neutral stimulus become after it reliably predicts an unconditioned stimulus?

8. A tone has become a conditioned stimulus for food. A light is then repeatedly paired with the tone until the light alone produces salivation. This is an example of:

9. People tend to form some fear associations, such as associations involving snakes or heights, more readily than many arbitrary associations. Which concept best describes this tendency?

10. A professor gives a quiz every Friday. Students tend to study more as Friday approaches and less just after each quiz. Which schedule best fits this pattern?

11. A cat comes to the kitchen when it hears the electric can opener but not when it hears a similarly pitched blender. What has the cat learned?

12. A student repeatedly interrupts class, so the teacher assigns an extra written reflection immediately afterward. If interruptions decrease, the consequence is:

13. A driver fastens her seat belt to stop the car's warning tone. If this makes her more likely to fasten it promptly in the future, what process occurred?

14. A rat explores a maze without receiving food. When food is later placed at the exit, it quickly follows an efficient route, suggesting that it had formed a cognitive map. This illustrates:

15. A child who was frightened by one barking dog becomes anxious around several similar-looking dogs. Which principle best explains this reaction?

16. A dog learned to salivate to a tone, but the tone is then presented repeatedly without food. Its salivation gradually declines. This decline is called: